Disease Resistance Flashcards
(28 cards)
Define Resistance.
The ability of the immune system to fight off disease.
What is resistance a function of?
A. Genetics
B. Sex
C. Stress level
D. Physical condition
What are the first 5 animal defense mechanisms?
- Hair/wool
- Skin
- Mucous membranes
- Secretions
- Nasal turbinate bones (pigs)
Name 4 gastrointestinal defenses.
- HCI (hydrochloride acid) & bile
- Digestive enzymes
- Movement of digesta
- Normal Microflora
List the 4 urinary and genetically defenses.
- Flow of urine and milk- flushing action
- Vaginal, urinary pH
- Long urethra
- Antibacterial enzymes- lactoferrin in milk
What are 2 conjunctival defenses?
- Flushing action
2. Antibacterial enzyme- lysozyme
What is inflammation?
An increase in blood flow at the site of infection. It results in redness, swelling, heat, and pain.
What is the purpose of inflammation?
To build up disease fighting cells and substances.
What is the benefit and disadvantage of inflammation?
Benefit: a rapid response to invasion which may stop disease progression
Disadvantage: non-specific inflammatory compound released can also harm host.
What does the lymph system do?
Filter extracellular fluid and returns it back to the bloodstream.
What causes swollen lymph nodes?
Lymph circulation increase to transport the pathogen to the lymph notes where immune cells are summoned.
What does the spleen do?
Filters blood and looks for pathogens. Once it filters the blood it returns it back to the bloodstream. It also stores red blood cells.
What does bone marrow do?
Produces white blood cells.
What are white blood cells?
A collection of cells that work together to fight pathogens.
What are leukocytes?
White blood cells
What are Erythrocytes?
Red blood cells. They carry oxygen by binding iron.
What is the Thymus?
An organ located near the heart where some white blood cells (T-cells) must go to mature.
What are the 3 types of granulocytes?
Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Basophils
What are B-cells?
A type of lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow into plasma cells, they produce antibodies (Humoral immunity)
What are T-cells?
A type of lymphocyte that matures in the thymus and attacks foreign cells and kills them (Cell-mediated immunity)
What are Cytotoxic and Killer T’s?
They destroy virally infected cells and tumor cells, also implicated in transplant reflection. They also recognize MHC presented antigens.
What do Helper T’s do?
Divide rapidly and secrete small proteins called cytokines.
What do Suppressor T’s do?
Shut down T cell-mediated immunity.
What do Memory T’s do?
Persist long after an infection has resolved. Th quickly expand to large numbers upon re-exposure to their antigen.
