Intro To Health Flashcards by Faith Mariacher

Why is Animal Health Important? (5 reasons)

Animals are companions
Animals are used for service or work
Animals are used for food/fiber
Animals share disease with other animals
Diseased/sick animals are costly

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Why is Food Safety Important?

Don’t want to eat sick, ill, or animals with residue.

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What is a Food Borne Illness?

An illness or disease passed through food consumption, typically carried by bacteria.

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What are the 3 most common food borne illnesses?

E. Coli, Salmonella, Listeria Monocytogenesis

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Describe a zoonotic disease?

Disease passed from animals to humans.

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What are 5 examples of zoonotic diseases?

Rabies
Tuberculosis
E. Coli O-157 H7
Pink Eye
Salmonella
Brucellosis
West Nile
Ringworm

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What is MRSA?

Methicillin
Resistant
Staphylococcus
Aures

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What makes diseased animals costly?

Decreased production
- Decreased growth rate
- Decreased feed efficiency 
- Decreased Milk Production
- Decreased Reproduction Rate
Costs:
Time/Labor
Meds
Vet fees
Lab tests
Supplies
Decreased sales price if sellable.

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What does it mean to be pathenogenic?

Caused by a specific pathogen, infectious diseases can be considered pathenogenic.

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What is Subclinical/Asymptomatic?

Signs of disease are hidden, may even show no signs of disease

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What is the average cost of a needle? A syringe?

Needles: 25¢
Syringe: 15¢

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What is a symptom?

A manifested sign of a disease.

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Typical needle size used in cattle?

22-16ga

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Difference between luer lock and luer slip

Luer lock twists on securely, luer slip relies on friction

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What is the short definition of disease?

Not at ease.

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What is the definition of disease?

Anything that impairs normal physiological function

Signs an animal is healthy?

Good Appetite
Smooth Haircoat
Normal Gait (not lame)
Normal Respiration’s
Alert, aware of surroundings

What is the average respiration for humans, cattle, sheep, pigs and goats?

15 respirations per minute

Average pulse for humans, cattle, sheep, pigs and goats?

75 bpm

Average temp for Humans?

98.6

Average temp for cattle?

101.5

Average temp for swine?

102.5

Average temp for sheep?

103

Average temp for goats?

102.5

Average temp for poultry?

107

What is considered a fever?

2° above the normal average temperature

List 10 signs and symptoms of diseases.

Abscess. Abnormal Gait. Abortion. Alopecia(hair loss). Anadipsia(excessive thirst). Anorexia. Ataxia(loss of muscle control). Blindness. Bloat. Blood in feces. Cough. Depression. Discolored skin. Dysentery. Dyspnea(labored breathing). Edema(swelling). Emaciation(thin,gaunt). Fever. Glazed eyes. Nasal discharge. Nausea. Necrosis(localized tissue decay). Paralysis. Polyuria(excessive urination). Pruritus(intense itching). Restlessness. Rough Hair Coat. Tachycardia(rapid heart beat). Tearing. Ulcer.

What does clinical mean?

Visual, measurable signs/symptoms.

What is a trochar, and what does it aid in?

A long needle that is inserted in the upper left side of the animal down into the rumen to help relieve bloat.

What is an infectious disease?

Disease caused by other living organisms

What is an infection?

Entrance, growth and activity of disease causing organisms(pathogens)

What is a Non-Infectious Disease?

Any disease NOT caused by another living organism.

What are some examples of non infectious diseases?

Broken leg, Milk Fever, Grass tetany, bloat

What re the 4 categories of Non Infectious diseases?

Nutritional Deficiencies Metabolic Disorders Trauma/Injury Toxic Materials

What are some examples of Nutritional deficiencies ?

Grass Tetany, White Muscle Disease

Examples of Metabolic Disorders?

Milk fever, Ketosis

Classes of Toxic Materials?

Bacterial Toxins Phytotoxins(caused by plants ex: burs, nightshade, wilted cherry leaves) Zootoxins (caused by animals: snakes, spiders, insects) Mycotoxins (caused by mold, moldy feeds : Aflatoxin, vomitoxin) Metalloric or Chemical Poisons (lead, arsenic, fluorine, copper, Herbicides, pesticides, salt(RARE))

What is Acute?

A sudden onset, sharp rise in severity, gone quickly

What is chronic?

Marked by long duration, or frequent recurrence.