Diseases

Question 1

Tuberculosis:
rod-shaped
aerobic
slow growing

Answer 1

mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 2

how long does it take for mycobacterium tuberculosis to form a colony?

Answer 2

two weeks

Question 3

in 2022, there were 1.5 cases per 100,000 people of ______ in IN

Answer 3

tuberculosis

Question 4

contains waxes of 60 to 90 carbon mycolic cycles

Answer 4

mycobacterial cell walls

Question 5

mycobacterial cell wall contain _________ lipids (cord factor)

Answer 5

glycolipid

Question 6

mycobacterial cell walls are _________.
basic fuchsin dye cannot be removed from cell by aid alcohol treatment

Answer 6

acid-fast

Question 7

tuberculosis was known as “_________”

Answer 7

consumption

Question 8

mycobacterium tuberculosis was identified by ___________ ________

Answer 8

Robert Koch

Question 9

tuberculosis is spread by __________-____-___________

Answer 9

person-to-person

Question 10

tuberculosis can be spread by animal to ______ (M. bovis)

Answer 10

person

Question 11

mycobacterium tuberculosis is a _________ pathogen

Answer 11

professional

Question 12

always there to harm you and to replicate
always causes an immune response

Answer 12

professional pathogen

Question 13

1-10 bacteria can lead to ______

Answer 13

disease

Question 14

1. host inhales
2. immune cells recruited, phagocytose bacteria
3. bacteria get to lung tissue
   -TB
4. bacteria survive, replicate
   -Granulomas
   -ghon complex (calcified)

Answer 14

Primary infection

Question 15

mycobacterium are still ____ in the ghon complex

Answer 15

alive

Question 16

Ghon complex:
-months to decades
-immune cells fail to contain TB replication
-bacterial dissemination: lung, bloodstream, other organs

Answer 16

active disease

Question 17

TB epidemiology:
____ of world population infected
-most common: homeless, elderly, malnourished, prisons

Answer 17

1/3

Question 18

PPD: purified protein derivative
-injected into skin
-look for reaction

Answer 18

detection

Question 19

tuberculin can not cause ____

Answer 19

TB

Question 20

if you got a positive result from PPD: you follow up with

Answer 20

chest X-ray
blood culture
DNA probes

Question 21

miracle drug to treat TB in 50s

Answer 21

streptomycin

Question 22

if you have had the vaccine & your PPD is positive

Answer 22

then your immune system interacts w vaccine and protects you from TB

Question 23

You can not have TB from the _____ (vaccine)

Answer 23

tuberculin

Question 24

inadequate therapy:
non-compliance
forgetting
erratic therapy
suboptimal dosage

Answer 24

Multi-drug resistant TB

Question 25

Leprosy: Hansens disease

Answer 25

Mycobacterium leprae

Question 26

how many cases worldwide of leprosy?

Answer 26

11 million

Question 27

mycobacterium leprae incubates for ____ to _____ years

Answer 27

3-5

Question 28

leprosy is an

Answer 28

obligate intracellular pathogen

Question 29

what does leprosy invade

Answer 29

nerve or skin cells

Question 30

leprosy attaches to _____ first, then attacks _____

Answer 30

skin cells, nerves

Question 31

less aggressive and less progressive form of leprosy

Answer 31

tuberculoid leprosy

Question 32

what happens when you have tuberculoid leprosy

Answer 32

hypersensitivity reaction skin lesions damage to nerves, skin

Question 33

lepromatous leprosy invade skin _________

Answer 33

schwann cells

Question 34

the lepromatous leprosy destroys

Answer 34

peripheral nerves

Question 35

what happens when peripheral nerves are destroyed:

Answer 35

loss of sensation: inapparent injuries loss of bone calcium: deformities

Question 36

rabies (rage)

Answer 36

rhabdovirus

Question 37

rabies morphology

Answer 37

bullet

Question 38

is rabies genome ssRNA or dsRNA

Answer 38

ssRNA genome

Question 39

how is rabies transmitted

Answer 39

SALIVA (biting)

Question 40

virus binds & enters into ______ cells

Answer 40

muscle

Question 41

once the virus is in muscle cells, then attacks __________, then goes to spinal cord, spreads throughout _________ (salivary glands, brain)

Answer 41

neurons, body

Question 42

when do symptoms start for rabies

Answer 42

2-6 weeks

Question 43

negri bodies replicate in

Answer 43

brain

Question 44

some symptoms of rabies are

Answer 44

anxiety, irritability, depression, loss of appetite, fever, sensitivity to light & sound, hydrophobia, rage

Question 45

after the symptoms develop, how quickly do you die

Answer 45

2-10 days

Question 46

awareness day for rabies is

Answer 46

Sept. 28th

Question 47

plague

Answer 47

Yersinia pestis

Question 48

what are the three types of plague

Answer 48

bubonic pneumonic septicemic

Question 49

the plague is a _________ bacteria (enterboaceriaceae)

Answer 49

gram -

Question 50

yersinia pestis does NOT infect the ___________ tract

Answer 50

gastrointestinal

Question 51

yersinia pestis alters _______

Answer 51

genomes

Question 52

how is the plague transmitted

Answer 52

flea bites to humans

Question 53

what are natural reservoirs of the plague

Answer 53

rodents

Question 54

y pestis lost functionality of ______ and ___________ important for enteric disease

Answer 54

adhesin, invasion

Question 55

y pestis lost adhesion and invasion and gained ____

Answer 55

factors of flea survival

Question 56

inhibit phagocytosis, prevent proinflammatory response, apoptosis of macrophages

Answer 56

YOPS

Question 57

YOPS turn ____ all of what the macrophage to allow the y pestis to stay inside the flea

Answer 57

off

Question 58

local cutaneous infection migration to lymph node inflammation: bubo

Answer 58

bubonic plague

Question 59

spread systematically from buboes or not fever, chills, shock local hemorrhages, tissue necrosis

Answer 59

septicemic

Question 60

by inhalation highly contagious by respiratory secretions fever, pneumonia, chest pain

Answer 60

pneumonic

Question 61

the plague is _____ - _________ fatal

Answer 61

70-100%

Question 62

pneumonic: ___ incubation, death ___ days later, _____% mortality

Answer 62

3, 3, 90