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Micro final exam > Microbial Ecology > Flashcards

Microbial Ecology Flashcards

(82 cards)

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1
Q

Population

A

same species, same place

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2
Q

Community

A

multiple species living together

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2
Q

what is the growth rate?

A

variable growth rate

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3
Q

storage polymers

A

polysaccharides (etc)

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4
Q

what is the nutrient cycling?

A

redox reactions & metabolism

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5
Q

Redox reaction is the transfer of _______

A

electrons

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6
Q

habitat (location, nutrients available, what it interacts with)

A

Niche

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7
Q

Temperature can define what ______ are found in that niche

A

microbes

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8
Q

Resources & _______ that govern microbial growth in nature

A

conditions

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9
Q

Redox reactions play a key role in ________ rxn

A

metabolic

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10
Q

natures way of reusing carbon atoms is the ___________

A

carbon cycle

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11
Q

microbes play a critical role in the cycling & it is necessary for ________ survival

A

humans

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12
Q

aggregation of microbes together on a surface & enclosed in an adhesive matrix

A

biofilm

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13
Q

microbes like to be attached to _____

A

surfaces

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14
Q

matrix is composed of

A

polysaccharide, nucleic acid, protein

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15
Q

matrix is protected from
____________ & biocides
Grazing (protozoans, immune system)
other stresses (Extreme temp changes)

A

antimicrobials

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16
Q

quorum sensing is the ______ between the biofilm

A

communication

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17
Q

diversity is always a component of a __________

A

biofilm

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18
Q

where do you find the biofilms?

A

environment (mats around the house), industrial (Water chemical bioremediation), health (dental plaque infection)

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19
Q

microbial mats have very _____ biofilms

A

thick

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20
Q

biofilms: ___________ of microorganisms working together

A

community

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21
Q

Gradients:

A

nutrients environmental factors

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22
Q

Each layer has a different set of ________ working together & making sure the next layer has what is needs for survival

A

microbes

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23
Q

as you go deeper in the biofilm oxygen levels _______ & pH levels decrease (becomes more acidic)

A

decrease

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24
______ makes up the biofilm & the microorganisms are working together to make sure they have what they need for survival
Community
25
O Horizon: __________ plants
undecomposed
26
A horizon: lots of organic matter, lots of ________
microbes
27
B horizon: little organic matter, less __________ activity
microbial
28
Rhizosphere: soil surrounding plant ____
root
29
Rhizosphere has a _____ microbial abundance
high
30
numerous microenvironments in a single particle of _____
dirt
31
what makes up the majority of the groups in soil?
proteobacteria, bacteriodetes, acidobacteria
32
farming reduces _____ of the soil
richness
33
pollution influences microbes that can live in that ________
niche
34
microbes live at least ____ km deep
3
35
microbes can live in biofilms terrestrial aquatic ( freshwater & marine )
true
36
freshwater: More shallow waters
lakes & streams
37
freshwater: seasonal changes - temperature - inputs of ____________ & _______________ nutrients (ground runoff, waste water)
endogenous & exogenous
38
freshwater: affect oxygen & carbon cycles - changes in microbial content - algal, ___________ blooms
cyanobacterial
39
freshwater: input (exogenous nutrients), O2 levels decrease, bacteria increases, algae & cyanobacteria increase, & O2 levels come back to normal, algae & cyanobacteria decrease
freshwater
40
algae & cyanobacteria can build up water waste and change amount of oxygen & the amount of microbes that live in the environment
overgrowth
41
Microbes present in freshwater
proteobacteria, actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, cyanobacteria
42
microbes present in terrestrial environment
proteobacteria, bacteriodetes, actinobacteria
43
marine environment: much deeper
oceans
44
marine environments have lower _______, fewer microbes, small cells, & temperatures more constant than freshwater
nutrient
45
oxygen minimum zone: biological activity can use up all of the _________ in a niche
oxygen
46
oxygen minimum zone: oxygen demands __________ oxygen availability
exceeds
47
you lose more ______ in oxygen minimum zones than archaea
bacteria
48
both archaea & bacteria _______ in oxygen minimum zones
decrease
49
open oceans: phototrophs
Prochlorococcus
50
Prochlorococcus: - half of photosynthetic biomass & primary production in _____ & subtropical oceans
tropical
51
open ocean: chemoorganotrophs
Pelagibacter
52
Pelagibacter: Grows ____ nutrient levels, small size, small compact genome
low
53
open ocean you find 10x more _____ than bacterial cells
viruses
54
hydrothermal vents have their own ______ environment
microbial
55
deep sea:
chemotrophs, piezophiles, psychrophiles, hydrothermal vents
56
hydrothermal vents: thermophiles, hyperthermophiles, chemolithotrophs, bacteria & _________
archaea
57
symbioses: prolonged microbial interaction with another _____
organism
58
parasitic: microorganism benefits, ____ harmed
host (infection in a human)
59
commensal: one benefits, the other ________
unharmed
60
mutualistic: both organisms are _______
benefiting
61
symbioses between microbes:
lichens
62
Lichens: mutualism _______ & phototroph
fungus
63
phototroph provides _____ matter
organic
64
fungus provides _______ to grow in, inorganic nutrients, protection from drying
firm anchor
65
symbioses with plants:
rhizobia
66
Rhizobia attaches to _____ & helps fix nitrogen giving the plant much better growth
root
67
Rhizobia: legume _____ root nodules: fix nitrogen
mutualist
68
commensal blocks border from a ________ pathogen
professional
69
when fungus is attached to the root it helps the plant ______ (rhizobia)
grow
70
symbioses with invertebrates
wolbachia & attine
71
wolbachia: ______ parasite of insects skews the sex-ratio control the mosquito populations
heritable
72
wolbachia: control mosquito population by decreasing _______ transmission
disease
73
ants feed the fungus, & then the fungus eats the ant
attine (mutualistic)
74
escovopsis: destroys ______
garden
75
yeast inhibits _________
pseudonocardia
76
actinobacterium (pseudonocardia) inhibits ______
escovopsis
77
symbioses with mammals:
ruminants
78
rumen: digestion of plant __________
polysaccharides (cellulose)
79
cellulolytic microbes release _________
glucose (Mutualistic)
80
fermenters: break down _______ fatty acids
volatile (animal energy source)
81
cow doesn't survive without
anaerobic bacteria, archaea, eukaryotes (firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, archaeal methanogens)

Micro final exam (6 decks)

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