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Micro final exam > Microbial Ecology > Flashcards

Microbial Ecology Flashcards

1
Q

Population

A

same species, same place

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2
Q

Community

A

multiple species living together

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2
Q

what is the growth rate?

A

variable growth rate

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3
Q

storage polymers

A

polysaccharides (etc)

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4
Q

what is the nutrient cycling?

A

redox reactions & metabolism

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5
Q

Redox reaction is the transfer of _______

A

electrons

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6
Q

habitat (location, nutrients available, what it interacts with)

A

Niche

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7
Q

Temperature can define what ______ are found in that niche

A

microbes

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8
Q

Resources & _______ that govern microbial growth in nature

A

conditions

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9
Q

Redox reactions play a key role in ________ rxn

A

metabolic

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10
Q

natures way of reusing carbon atoms is the ___________

A

carbon cycle

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11
Q

microbes play a critical role in the cycling & it is necessary for ________ survival

A

humans

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12
Q

aggregation of microbes together on a surface & enclosed in an adhesive matrix

A

biofilm

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13
Q

microbes like to be attached to _____

A

surfaces

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14
Q

matrix is composed of

A

polysaccharide, nucleic acid, protein

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15
Q

matrix is protected from
____________ & biocides
Grazing (protozoans, immune system)
other stresses (Extreme temp changes)

A

antimicrobials

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16
Q

quorum sensing is the ______ between the biofilm

A

communication

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17
Q

diversity is always a component of a __________

A

biofilm

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18
Q

where do you find the biofilms?

A

environment (mats around the house), industrial (Water chemical bioremediation), health (dental plaque infection)

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19
Q

microbial mats have very _____ biofilms

A

thick

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20
Q

biofilms: ___________ of microorganisms working together

A

community

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21
Q

Gradients:

A

nutrients environmental factors

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22
Q

Each layer has a different set of ________ working together & making sure the next layer has what is needs for survival

A

microbes

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23
Q

as you go deeper in the biofilm oxygen levels _______ & pH levels decrease (becomes more acidic)

A

decrease

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24
Q

______ makes up the biofilm & the microorganisms are working together to make sure they have what they need for survival

A

Community

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25
Q

O Horizon: __________ plants

A

undecomposed

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26
Q

A horizon: lots of organic matter, lots of ________

A

microbes

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27
Q

B horizon: little organic matter, less __________ activity

A

microbial

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28
Q

Rhizosphere: soil surrounding plant ____

A

root

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29
Q

Rhizosphere has a _____ microbial abundance

A

high

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30
Q

numerous microenvironments in a single particle of _____

A

dirt

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31
Q

what makes up the majority of the groups in soil?

A

proteobacteria, bacteriodetes, acidobacteria

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32
Q

farming reduces _____ of the soil

A

richness

33
Q

pollution influences microbes that can live in that ________

A

niche

34
Q

microbes live at least ____ km deep

A

3

35
Q

microbes can live in
biofilms
terrestrial
aquatic ( freshwater & marine )

A

true

36
Q

freshwater: More shallow waters

A

lakes & streams

37
Q

freshwater: seasonal changes
- temperature
- inputs of ____________ & _______________ nutrients (ground runoff, waste water)

A

endogenous & exogenous

38
Q

freshwater: affect oxygen & carbon cycles
- changes in microbial content
- algal, ___________ blooms

A

cyanobacterial

39
Q

freshwater: input (exogenous nutrients), O2 levels decrease, bacteria increases, algae & cyanobacteria increase, & O2 levels come back to normal, algae & cyanobacteria decrease

A

freshwater

40
Q

algae & cyanobacteria can build up water waste and change amount of oxygen & the amount of microbes that live in the environment

A

overgrowth

41
Q

Microbes present in freshwater

A

proteobacteria, actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, cyanobacteria

42
Q

microbes present in terrestrial environment

A

proteobacteria, bacteriodetes, actinobacteria

43
Q

marine environment: much deeper

A

oceans

44
Q

marine environments have lower _______, fewer microbes, small cells, & temperatures more constant than freshwater

A

nutrient

45
Q

oxygen minimum zone: biological activity can use up all of the _________ in a niche

A

oxygen

46
Q

oxygen minimum zone: oxygen demands __________ oxygen availability

A

exceeds

47
Q

you lose more ______ in oxygen minimum zones than archaea

A

bacteria

48
Q

both archaea & bacteria _______ in oxygen minimum zones

A

decrease

49
Q

open oceans: phototrophs

A

Prochlorococcus

50
Q

Prochlorococcus:
- half of photosynthetic biomass & primary production in _____ & subtropical oceans

A

tropical

51
Q

open ocean: chemoorganotrophs

A

Pelagibacter

52
Q

Pelagibacter: Grows ____ nutrient levels, small size, small compact genome

A

low

53
Q

open ocean you find 10x more _____ than bacterial cells

A

viruses

54
Q

hydrothermal vents have their own ______ environment

A

microbial

55
Q

deep sea:

A

chemotrophs, piezophiles, psychrophiles, hydrothermal vents

56
Q

hydrothermal vents: thermophiles, hyperthermophiles, chemolithotrophs, bacteria & _________

A

archaea

57
Q

symbioses: prolonged microbial interaction with another _____

A

organism

58
Q

parasitic: microorganism benefits, ____ harmed

A

host (infection in a human)

59
Q

commensal: one benefits, the other ________

A

unharmed

60
Q

mutualistic: both organisms are _______

A

benefiting

61
Q

symbioses between microbes:

A

lichens

62
Q

Lichens: mutualism
_______ & phototroph

A

fungus

63
Q

phototroph provides _____ matter

A

organic

64
Q

fungus provides _______ to grow in, inorganic nutrients, protection from drying

A

firm anchor

65
Q

symbioses with plants:

A

rhizobia

66
Q

Rhizobia attaches to _____ & helps fix nitrogen giving the plant much better growth

A

root

67
Q

Rhizobia:
legume _____
root nodules: fix nitrogen

A

mutualist

68
Q

commensal blocks border from a ________ pathogen

A

professional

69
Q

when fungus is attached to the root it helps the plant ______ (rhizobia)

A

grow

70
Q

symbioses with invertebrates

A

wolbachia & attine

71
Q

wolbachia: ______ parasite of insects
skews the sex-ratio
control the mosquito populations

A

heritable

72
Q

wolbachia: control mosquito population by decreasing _______ transmission

A

disease

73
Q

ants feed the fungus, & then the fungus eats the ant

A

attine (mutualistic)

74
Q

escovopsis: destroys ______

A

garden

75
Q

yeast inhibits _________

A

pseudonocardia

76
Q

actinobacterium (pseudonocardia) inhibits ______

A

escovopsis

77
Q

symbioses with mammals:

A

ruminants

78
Q

rumen: digestion of plant __________

A

polysaccharides (cellulose)

79
Q

cellulolytic microbes release _________

A

glucose (Mutualistic)

80
Q

fermenters: break down _______ fatty acids

A

volatile (animal energy source)

81
Q

cow doesn’t survive without

A

anaerobic bacteria, archaea, eukaryotes (firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, archaeal methanogens)

Micro final exam (6 decks)

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