Diseases Flashcards by Natalie Schneider

What is Collapsing Trachea

Weakened tracheal rings due to congenital cartilage deficit and weakened tracheal muscle

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What is Canine Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Myocardial wall function is abnormal

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What is the definitive test for collapsing trachea

Fluoroscopy

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What is Gastritis

Inflammation caused by continuous damage to gastric mucosa

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What is Gastric Dilatation Volvulus also known as

Bloat

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What is Megaesophagus

Esophagus dilation and loss of motility causing regurgitation

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What is Portosystemic Shunt

Vascular communication between the portal and systemic venous systems that allows blood to bypass the liver

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What is Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Inflammation of the GI, stomach, small intestines and colon

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What is the name of the uroliths in Dalmatians

Urate effects males only

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What is Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Life threatening state of diabetes mellitus that causes secondary acidosis that leads to metabolic body shut down

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What is hypoadrenocorticism (addisons)

Deficiency of glucocorticoids and mineral corticoids from adrenal gland cortex

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What is hyperadrenalcorticism (cushings)

Excessive glucocorticoid secretion

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What is Feline Hyperthyroidism

Excessive concentration of thyroid hormones

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What is Canine Hypothyroidism

Deficiency in thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)

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What is Pyometra

Bacteria in the uterus caused by dilation during estrus

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Ligaments attach what to what

Bone to bone

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Tendons attach what to what

Muscle to bone

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The purpose of the musculoskeletal system is

Locomotion and skeletal support and protection

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Pathological symptoms for the musculoskeletal system

Pain
Limping
Muscle atrophy

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Name the 7 types of fractures

Comminuted
Compound 
Epiphyseal (salture harris)
Greenstick
Oblique 
Spiral
Transverse

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Name the 4 reasons a splint is used for

Arthrodesis
Pressure wraps post surgery
Temporary immobilization
Wound skin shears

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Name the 7 different types of splints

Robert Jones Bandage 
Metaspoon Splint (plastic)
Mason Metaspoon Splint (metal)
Spica Splint 
Ehmer sling
Velpeau sling
Schroeder-Thomas

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A Robert-Jones bandage is used where

Below stifle or elbow joint

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Metaspoon splint provides support to injuries of

Distal ulna/radius
Carpus/tarsus
Metacarpus/metatarsus
Phalanges

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Spica splint is used for immobilization of these two fractures

Humeral or femoral

Ehmer sling is used for reductions of this

Closed or open hip luxations

Velpeau sling is used for these two fractures

Shoulder luxations or scapular fractures

Schroeder-Thomas splint use to stabilize these 3 fractures

Radius, ulna, tibia

What is hip dysplasia

Abnormal development of coxofemoral joint

Im Hip Dysplasia what two diet factors should be avoided

Protein and calcium

Triple Pelvic Osteotomy (TPO) is done to dogs with this abnormality

Hip dysplasia

Triple Pelvic Osteotomy (TPO) is a surgery done to what type of animal

Young animals with hip dysplasia

Name the 3 surgeries that can be done to an animal with hip dysplasia

Triple Pelvic Osteotomy (TPO)-young animals will prevent problem Femoral Head and Neck Excision (FHO)-salvage procedure Total Hip Replacement (THR)->90% success

What is Osteoarthritis (OA)

Degenerative arthritis or joint disease. Cartilage loss in the joint causing bone rubbing against bone causing pain

What is Panosteitis

Bone inflammation, involves the diaphysis and metaphysis of long bones

What is Osteochondrosis Dissicans (OCD)

Incomplete development and defect of articular cartilage (cartilage flap in joint)

Common cause of Osteochondrosis Dissicans (OCD) is

Elbow dysplasia

What is Elbow Dysplasia

Heritable disease that consists of elbow joint incongruences and malfunction that leads to osteoarthritis

What is Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture (RACL)

Cranial cruciate ligament prevents cranial movement in the stifle joint between the femur and the tibia

Dysmetris is

Abnormal muscular gait

Hypermetria is

Over stepping (goose step)

Paresis is

Slight or incomplete paralysis

Torticollis is

Twisting of neck head bent to chest

Nystagmus is

Involuntary movement of eyes balls

Strabismus is

Uncontrolled deviation of eye

Anisocoria is

Unsymmetrical pupil sizes

The olfactory nerve is responsible for what

Smell

Cranial nerve I is known as

Olfactory nerve

Cranial never II is known as

Optic

The optic nerve is responsible for

Vision

Cranial nerve III is known as

Oculomotor

The oculomotor nerve is responsible for

Pupils PLR

Cranial nerve IV is known as

Trochlear

The trochlear nerve is responsible for

Eye movement (nystagmus)

Cranial nerve V is known as

Trigeminal

The trigeminal nerve is responsible for

Mastication facial sensation

Cranial nerve VI is known as

Abducens

The cranial nerve adbucens is responsible for

Eye movement strabismus

Cranial nerve VII is known as

Facial

The facial nerve is responsible for

Blink reflex ear movement

Cranial nerve VIII(8) is known as

Vestibulocohlear

The Vestibulocohlear nerve is responsible for

Hearing and balance

Cranial nerve IX(9) is known as

Glossophadyngeal

The Glossophadyngeal nerve is responsible for

Swallowing and gag reflex

Cranial nerve X(10) is known as

Vagus

The vagus nerve is responsible for

Swallowiing and gag reflex

Cranial nerve XI(11) is also known as

Accessory

The accessory nerve is responsible for

Neck movement

Cranial nerve XII(12) is known as

Hypoglossal

The hypoglossal nerve is responsible for

Tongue movement

The term Menace means

Testing an animals cranial nerves (II & VII) to see if the animal will blink

What are seizures

Excessive abnormal neuronal activity in the cerebral cortex

Name the 3 phases of seizures

Aura Ictal Post ictal

What is degenerative myelopathy

degeneration if axons and myelin in the spinal cord

Canine Dilated Cardiomylo: Common causes

Unknown possible carnatine & taurine deficiency. Congenital

Urinary System: purpose

Filter Acid/base regulation Chemical excretion

Upper Respiratory Infections: diagnostic test

Xrays Blood panel Cultures PCR panel

Cardiovascular: reptilies/birds have how many chambers

Cardiovascular: diagnostic test

Xrays EKG ECC BP

Cardiovascular: in a blood panel test, what two areas are focused on

Kidney | Electrolytes

Myasthenia Gravis is also associated with

Megaesophagus

Myasthenia Gravis: treatment

``` Feeding tube Parasympathomtic Agent (pyridostigmine-mestinon) ```

Degenerative Myelopathy: treatment

Aminocapolic Acid (slow progression)

Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVD): treatment

Corticosteroids (prednisolone) Analgesics (butorphanol) Muscle relaxants (methocarbamol)

Seizures: treatment

Phenobarbital Diazapam (valium) Potassium Bromide

Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture (RACL): treatment

Tibia Plateau Leveling Osteotomy (TPLO)-changes the biomechanics of the stifle joint to prevent arthritis Tibial Tuberosity Advancement (TTA)

Osteochondrosis Dissicans (OCD): treatment

Removal of cartilage flap Chondroprotective agents (adequan,cosequin) Corticosteroids

Panosteitis: treatment

Anti-inflammatory (rimadyl,corticosteroids) | Analgesics (tornugesic, tramadol)

Osteoarthritis (OA): treatment

Anti-inflammatory (carprofen, meloxicam,firoxib) Shock wave therapy Cold laser therapy

Hip Dysplasia: treatment

Triple Pelvic Osteotomy (TPO)-prevent further problems Femoral Head/Neck Excision (FHO)-salvage procedure Total Hip Replacement (THR)- >90% success

Hip dysplasia should have a diet that is low in

Protein and calcium

Fractures

Look at image

Canine Hypothyroidism: treatment

Sodium levothyroxine (T4)

Feline Hyperthyroidism: treatment

Methimazole (tapazole) | Iodine xray

Hypoadrenocorticism is known as

Addison's disease

Hyperadrenalcorticism is also known as

Cushings disease

Hyperadrenalcorticism requires a special blood test which is

ACTH stimulation test: high results determine cushings disease

Low dose dexamethasone suppression test, if no suppression determination can be

Cushing's disease

High dose dexamethasone suppression test differentiates which to glands

Adrenal from pituitary for hyperadrenalcorticism

Endocrine System: the blood panel tests used are

ACTH- test for pituitary function,cushings and Addison's | TSH- thytropin

Low dose dexamethasone suppression test for what

Adrenal function

High dose dexamethasone suppression test for

Pituitary or adrenal function

Diseases Flashcards

(102 cards)