Emergency Medicine

Question 0

Symptoms of Shock

Answer 0

Pale membranes
Weak pulse
Hypothermic
Increased HCT

Question 1

Causes of Shock

Answer 1

Decreased blood volume and pressure
Trauma 
Toxins
Sepsis 
Cardiac failure
Anaphylaxi

Question 2

Treatment for Shock

Answer 2

Iv fluids
Keep warm
Corticosteroids

Question 3

Causes of Hemorrhage

Answer 3

Trauma
Surgery
Toxicity (rat poison)
Organ rupture

Question 4

Symptoms of Hemorrhage

Answer 4

Bleeding
Arterial cut
Venous dark slow
Shock

Question 5

Treatment for Hemorrhage

Answer 5

Control bleeding
Bandages
Surgery

Question 6

Causes of Wounds

Answer 6

Trauma

Abscess

Question 7

Symptoms of Wounds

Answer 7

Open

Question 8

Treatment for Wounds

Answer 8

Control hemorrhage
Clean flush
Surgery
Bandage

Question 9

Causes of Heatstroke

Answer 9

Heat exposure
Caught in dryers
Left in cars

Question 10

Pathophysiology of Heatstroke

Answer 10

Cellular necrosis and cerebral edema occurs following hyperthermia
107 temp

Question 11

Symptoms of Heatstroke

Answer 11

107 temp
Panting
Tachycardia
Brick red membranes 
Stupor
Seizers
V/D bloody

Question 12

Treatment for Heatstroke

Answer 12

Cool body
Ive fluids
Corticosteroids 
Mannitol
Lasix

Question 13

Name the 3 classifications of Burns

Answer 13

1st- superficial
2nd-partial thickness
3rd degree-full thickness

Question 14

What classifies a burn a superficial

Answer 14

Rapid healing
Epidermis layer
Erythematous

Question 15

What classifies a burn as partial thickness

Answer 15

Heals slowly
Epidermis and dermis
SubQ edema

Question 16

What classifies a burn as full thickness

Answer 16

Healing is slow
Skin grafts needed
Skin destroyed
Hair falls out

Question 17

Causes of Burns

Answer 17

Thermal
Electrical
Chemical

Question 18

What is thoracocentesis

Answer 18

Removing air or fluid from the chest cavity with a needle

Question 19

What is Pleural effusion & what disease is it found in

Answer 19

Water like fluid found in heart disease

Question 20

What is pneumothorax and what causes it

Answer 20

Air in the chest that can cause lungs to collapse due to loss of negative pressure caused by HBC, trauma,

Question 21

What is pyothorax and what causes it

Answer 21

Pus in the chest caused by bite wound

Question 22

Diaphragmatic Hernia is

Answer 22

Liver, stomach and intestines enter the chest cavity due to a torn diaphragm

Question 23

Proptosis is

Answer 23

Proptosed globe of eye

Question 24

Schiff-sherrington posture causes

Answer 24

Front limb extension, rigid and hind leg paralysis, flaccid due to spinal cord fractures of L2-L4

Question 25

Name the general treatment steps taken for toxicity poisoning

Answer 25

``` Gastric lavage or Induce vomit Enema Activated charcoal Iv fluids Antidote ```

Question 26

Snail bate is also known as

Answer 26

Metaldehyde Toxicity

Question 27

What is the action of Metaldehyde Toxicity

Answer 27

Effects neuromuscular junctions to cause muscle tremors and seizers

Question 28

Clinical signs for Metaldehyde Toxicity

Answer 28

``` Anxiety Ataxia Muscle tremors Metabolic acidosis Hyperthermia ```

Question 29

Antidote for Metaldehyde Toxicity

Answer 29

Methocarbamol Apomorphine Xylazine for cats

Question 30

Actions for Organophosphate Toxicity

Answer 30

Inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity at the neuromuscular junction

Question 31

Organophosphate Toxicity results in

Answer 31

Excess acetylcholine and increase parasympathetic activity

Question 32

Clinical signs for Organophosphate Toxicity

Answer 32

``` SLUD-salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation Dyspnea Muscle tremors Depression Death resp failure ```

Question 33

Antidote for Organophosphate Toxicity

Answer 33

Pralidoxime chloride or atropine

Question 34

Actions for Rodenticide Anticoagulant Toxicity

Answer 34

Inhibits the formation of vitK which causes the decrease of vitK coagulation factors 2,7,9,10 warfarin

Question 35

Clinical signs for Rodenticide Anticoagulant Toxicity

Answer 35

``` Depression Anemia Hematuria Nose bleed Petechiations Resp distress hemorrhage ```

Question 36

Antidote for Rodenticide Anticoagulant Toxicity

Answer 36

VitK

Question 37

Ethylene Glycol Toxicity is a toxin known as

Answer 37

Antifreeze

Question 38

Actions for Ethylene Glycol Toxicity

Answer 38

Metabolized by the liver and kidneys to toxic metabolites

Question 39

Glycoaldehyde is toxic to

Answer 39

CNS

Question 40

Glycolate causes

Answer 40

Acidosis

Question 41

Oxylates casues

Answer 41

Renal tubular necrosis and kidney failure

Question 42

Ethylene Glycol Toxicity occurs in 3 stages they are

Answer 42

Neurological signs Cardiorespiratory Renal signs

Question 43

Ethylene Glycol Toxicity in the neurological stage, what can be seen

Answer 43

``` Depressiom Seizures Vomit Anorexia PU/PD Ataxia ```

Question 44

Ethylene Glycol Toxicity in the cardiorespiratory stage what can be seen

Answer 44

Tachypnea Tachycardia 24-72hrs after ingestion

Question 45

Ethylene Glycol Toxicity in the renal stage what can be seen

Answer 45

V/D Azotemia Renal failure

Question 46

Antidote for Ethylene Glycol Toxicity

Answer 46

Ethanol IV 4-methylpyrazole Not used in cats

Question 47

Prognosis for Ethylene Glycol Toxicity

Answer 47

Very poor

Question 48

Actions for Lead Toxicity

Answer 48

Interferes with hemoglobin synthesis and RBC destruction causing anemia

Question 49

Clinical signs for Lead Toxicity

Answer 49

``` V/D Anorexia Abd pain Ataxia **Blindness **Deafness ```

Question 50

Antidote for Lead Toxicity

Answer 50

Chelating agents Ca EDTA Penicillamine Dimercaprol

Question 51

Actions for Strychinine

Answer 51

Inhibits postsynaptic junctions in the spinal cord and medulla

Question 52

Clinical signs for Strychinine

Answer 52

``` Nervousness Tonic-clonic seizures Muscle rigidity Hypersensitivity to noise Death ```

Question 53

Antidote for Strychinine

Answer 53

Valium | Pentobarbital