Disordered eating and undernutrition

Question 1

Eating disorders in society
- more prevalent as _______ increases (or decreases)
- both women and men are ?
- influence of (2) encourage ED as lifestyle choices

Answer 1

• wealth
• dissatisfied with their bodies
• social media and websites

Question 2

globally: __% of 5-17 y-o have ED?

Answer 2

4.4%

Question 3

Solution to ED?

Answer 3

focus on healthy lifestyle rather than weight –> change dieting culture

Question 4

vicious diet cycle: diet –> (10)

Answer 4

diet -> decrease cals –> lose weight from muscle and fat –> reduce metabolic rate –> increase fat storage for protection –> fall off diet –> feast response –> increase cal intake but reduced metabolic rate –> regain weight from fat –> become overweight again –> repeat

Question 5

Disordered eating def

Answer 5

abnormal or atypical eating behaviors associated with efforts to control weight

Question 6

high risk of ED in (2)

Answer 6

university students and athletes –> stress + pressure + life transitions

Question 7

General warning signs to ED (5)

Answer 7

Self-critism, depressed-anxious mood, belief that only worthwhile if thin, preoccupation with weight shape and dieting –> wanting to control scenario

Question 8

Causes of ED (4)

Answer 8

media, society, family and psychological factors

Question 9

which ED tend to run in families?

Answer 9

bulimia nervosa and binge-eating

Question 10

Which EDs are more common?

Answer 10

binge-eating > bulimia > anorexia

Question 11

Risk for ED women vs men

Answer 11

women: 80-90%
men: 10-20%

Question 12

around __% of ED start during _________. key = ?

Answer 12

85% ED start during adolescence
- key = early treatment

Question 13

anorexia nervosa characterized by (4). mostly affects who?

Answer 13

• distorted body image
• excessive dieting that leads to severe weight loss
• pathological fear of becoming fat
• underweight for 3 months (BMI < 17)
  mostly affects young women

Question 14

Anorexia nervosa = highest risk of side effects –> what “disease”? Causes lack of (2) + 8 symptoms

Answer 14

Protein energy malnutrition (PEM)
starvation, cold, physiological changes, amenorrhea (losing menstruations), loss of bone density, hormonal changes, confusion/delirium, death
- not enough macros or micros

Question 15

1st goal in treatment of anorexia nervosa

Answer 15

stop weight loss!

Question 16

Bulimia nervosa characteristics (3) + lack of control = ? behavior

Answer 16

• frequent episodes (at least once per week for 3 months) of binge-eating followed by self-induced vomiting
• feeling of lack of control over binges –> affects self-esteem
• overconcern about body shape and weight (despite being at healthy BMI)
• lack of control = compensatory behavior

Question 17

Dangers of bulimia nervosa (5)

Answer 17

subclinical malnutrition, dehydration, depression, substance abuse, death

Question 18

bulimia nervosa = lots of ______ from binge-eating

Answer 18

Guilt

Question 19

treatment for bulimia?

Answer 19

structured eating pattern + learn to avoid restrictive dieting

Question 20

Binge-eating disorder (4)

Answer 20

• related to bulimia but no purging
• recurring episodes of eating significantly more food in short period of time than most people would eat (even when not hungry)
• occurs at least once a week for 3 months
• feelings of lack of control, guilt, embarrassment, marked distress

Question 21

Orthorexia

Answer 21

being extremely intense with healthiness –> very fixated and intense

Question 22

warning signs for orthorexia (5)

Answer 22

avoid social celebrations, increased concern about health, compulsive checking of labels, cutting out food groups, obsession over healthy lifestyle blogs…

Question 23

Increase orthorexia with increase ?

Answer 23

social media –> culturally promoted

Question 24

Why are athletes more vulnerable to ED?

Answer 24

standards with physique and performance + weight classes

Question 25

Making weight --> what they do and hope vs facts

Answer 25

- restrict food and intake + rubber suits and sauna to lose fluid + laxatives and diuretics - replenish with fluids, glycogen and prots after weigh in - reality: reestablishing fluid and electrolytes (1-2 days), glycogen (2-3 days), lean tissue (even longer)

Question 26

Before: Female athlete triad: ED leads to (3)

Answer 26

loss of menstruation + excessive loss of calcium + hormonal disturbances --> contribute to osteoporosis

Question 27

Now: relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S): when?

Answer 27

when athletes (women or men) eat too little food and are unable to meet energy needs

Question 28

Health consequences of REDS (8)

Answer 28

altered hormone activity, anemia, bone loss, decreased glycogen stores, protein synthesis, impaired metabolism, menstrual dysfunction, poor growth

Question 29

Performance consequences of RED-S Physical (3) Psychological (4)

Answer 29

physical: reduced endurance, muscle strength, glycogen + reduced training response + increased injury risk Psychological: reduced concentration, coordination + impaired judgement + irritability + depression

Question 30

Diabulemia? + consequences (3)

Answer 30

T1 diabetes: skip/reduce insulin to lose weight - decrease glucose intake in cells --> no more storage in glycogen --> go for fat and muscle for energy - consequences: vision problem, amputation, sensitive blood vessels to high glucose

Question 31

Drunkorexia? (3)

Answer 31

Alcohol anorexia - heavy drinking combined with restricting, purging and/or bingeing - replace food with alcohol

Question 32

Compulsive exercise! (3)

Answer 32

- recognized as ED bc motivation/purpose is to lose weight - exercise interferes with important things - continue despite injury

Question 33

Therapy for ED: - Goal #1 = - focus on: - then can start ? - types of therapy? - meds?

Answer 33

- goal #1 = psychological and mental well-being - focus on whole person care - nutritional counseling... - group/family, inpatient/outpatient, art, music, yoga, accept healthy body weight! - meds = antidepressants

Question 34

Prevention of ED (6 ish)

Answer 34

avoid labeling food as bad/sinful + encourage intuitive eating + develop self-esteem based qualities + manage stress + healthy lifestyle + encourage health at every size