DISORDERS AFFECTING NORMAL URINARY ELIMINATION

Question 1

• involuntary passage of urine past the age when a child should be expected
to have attained bladder control (2 years daytime; 4 years nighttime)
• Nocturnal or diurnal

Answer 1

ENURESIS

Question 2

• spill albumin into the urine when they stand upright for an extended
period
• Assessment:
• Urine collected after child has been in recumbent position then after being
active
• Management:
• No treatment

Answer 2

POSTURAL (ORTHOSTATIC) PROTEINURIA

Question 3

• Lack of growth or that no organ (kidney) formed in utero
• Assessment:
• Oligohydramnios
• Misshapen, low-set ears
• Hypoplastic, stiff, inflexible lungs
• Management:
• Renal transplantation

Answer 3

KIDNEY AGENESIS

Question 4

• large, fluid-filled cysts have formed in place of normal kidney tissue
• Kidneys are large and feels spongy
• Assessment:
• Anuria (bilateral); oliguria (unilateral)
• hypertelorism—wide-spaced eyes, epicanthal folds, flattened nose; or
micrognathia—small jaw
• Transillumination (fluid-filled cysts)
• Management:
• Surgical removal of the kidney
• Renal transplantation

Answer 4

POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY

Question 5

• Hypoplastic kidneys contain fewer lobes than normal kidneys and are
small and underdeveloped
• Assessment:
• Poor kidney function
• Hypertension
• Management:
• Kidney Transplant

Answer 5

RENAL HYPOPLASIA

Question 6

• severe urinary tract dilation that develops as early as intrauterine life
• severe dilation causes backpressure and destruction of kidneys
• Assessment:
• Oligohydramnios
• Deficiency of usual abdominal muscle tone (wrinkled abdomen)
• Bilateral undescended testes
• Dilated faulty development of the bladder and upper urinary tract
• Management:
• Protect abdomen from trauma and kidney transplant

Answer 6

PRUNE BELLY SYNDROME

Question 7

inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney usually occurs as an
immune complex disease after infection with nephritogenic
streptococci (group A beta-hemolytic streptococci)

Answer 7

ACUTE POST STREPTOCCOCAL
GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

Question 8

• Occur when there is no evidence of a prior infection
• immunoglobin A is elevated
Assessment:
• Hematuria
• Proteinuria
• Hypertension
• Renal Insufficiency

Answer 8

IGA GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

Question 9

• Follows acute glomerulonephritis or nephrotic syndrome
• Assessment:
• Protenuria
• Hypertension
• Decrease urine specific gravity
• Increased BUN and creatinine
• Renal biopsy: permanent destruction of glomeruli memebranes
• Management:
• Symptomatic
• Antihypertensive
• Diuretics
• Corticosteroids

Answer 9

CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

Question 10

altered glomerular permeability due to fusion of the glomeruli
membrane surfaces, causes abnormal loss of protein in urine
• Forms: Congenital, Secondary, Idiopathic
• Types:
• Minimal Change nephrotic syndrome
• Focal Glumerulosclerosis
• Mebranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

Answer 10

NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

Question 11

• Develops after Henoch-Schonlein purpura as a renal complication
• Assessment:
• Proteinuria
• Progressing glomerulonephritis
• Management:
• Treat the purpura

Answer 11

Henoch-Schönlein Syndrome Nephritis

Question 12

the lining of glomerular arterioles becomes inflamed, swollen, and
occluded with particles of platelets and fibrin
• red blood cells and platelets are damaged as they flow through the
partially occluded blood vessels and destroyed by the spleen causing
haemolytic anemia
• Caused by E. coli

Answer 12

HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME