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Exam 4 > Disorders For Endocrine And Bone Chapter > Flashcards

Disorders For Endocrine And Bone Chapter Flashcards

1
Q

Lack of ADH (water retention)- decrease urine production by increasing the amount of water retained in the body

A

Diabetes insipidus

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2
Q

Imbalances in GH secretion

A

Growth hormone disorders

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3
Q

What are the three GH disorders?

A

Gigantism
Acromegaly
Pituitary dwarfism

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4
Q

Occur prior to the closure of the epiphyseal plates.

A

Pituitary dwarfism

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5
Q

Occur before the closure of epiphyseal plates.

A

Gigantism

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6
Q

Occur after closure of epiphyseal plates.

A

Acromegaly

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7
Q

Imbalances due to the systematic effects of thyroid hormones.

A

Thyroid disorders

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8
Q

Overproduction of thyroid hormone

A

Hyperthyroidism

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9
Q

Underproduction of thyroid hormone

A

Hypothyroidism

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10
Q

What is the treatment for osteoporosis?

A

Calcitonin

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11
Q

Decrease in bone density

A

Osteoporosis

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12
Q

Excessive secretion of the hormone aldosterone

A

hyperaldosteronism

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13
Q

What are three aldosterone disorders?

A

Hypokalemia
Hypernatremia
High blood pressure

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14
Q

Low blood potassium levels

A

Hypokalemia

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15
Q

High blood sodium ion levels

A

Hypernatremia

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16
Q

over secretion of the hormone cortisol

A

Cushing syndrome/Hypercortisolism

17
Q

Hyposecretion of cortisol and aldosterone

A

Addison’s disease

18
Q

What are the two regions that the adrenal glands are divided into?

A

Adrenal cortex

Adrenal medulla

19
Q

What are the three zones of the adrenal cortex?

A

Zona glomerulosa
Zona faciculata
Zona reticularis

20
Q

What hormones do the adrenal cortex secrete?

A

Cortisol

Aldosterone

21
Q

Which zone/zones order?

Mineralocorticoids —> Aldosterone

A

Zona glomerulosa

22
Q

Which zone/zones order?

Glucocorticoids —> Cortisol —> Androgenic Steroids —> Testosterone & Estrogen

A

Zona fasiculata

Zona reticularis

23
Q

condition where calcium blood levels are too high

A

Hypercalcemia

24
Q

What hormones do the adrenal medulla secrete?

A

Epinephrine

Norepinephrine

25
Q

Condition when your body produces high levels of blood acids called ketones

A

Ketoacidosis

26
Q

condition where blood glucose levels are too low

A

hypoglycemia

27
Q

condition where blood glucose levels are too high (Diabetes Mellitus 1 & 2)

A

hyperglycemia

28
Q
  • osteoblasts develop in the primary ossification center
  • osteoblasts secrete organic matrix, which calcifies
  • early spongy bone is formed
  • early compact bone is formed
A

intramembranous ossification

29
Q
  • chondroblasts in the perichondrium differentiate into osteoblasts
  • osteoblasts build bone collar on the bone’s external surface as the bone begins to ossify from the outside
  • simultaneously, the internal cartilage begins to calcify and the chondrocytes die
  • in the primary ossification center, osteoblasts replace the calcified cartilage with early spongy bone; the secondary ossification center and medullary cavity develop
A

endochondral ossification

30
Q
  • Most common cause of dwarfism; gene defect inherited from a parent or caused by new mutation
  • Defective gene produces an abnormal growth factor receptor on cartilage; interferes with hyaline cartilage model used in endochondral ossification; also articular and epiphyseal cartilage
  • Bones form and grow abnormally; results in short limbs, a disproportionately long trunk and facial abnormalities
A

achondroplasia

31
Q

Tumor on parathyroid glands produces large amounts of PTH (hypersecretion). What is the effect on bone? Would vitamin D help?

A
  • osteoporosis, lose bone density

* vit. D aids in calcium reabsorption in bone

32
Q

after brain surgery there is a large volume of dilute urine. hormone-medication?

A

ADH –>diabetes insipidus

33
Q

both amino acid-based hormones although they are an exception in that they are more hydrophobic than other amino acid-based hormones; do not interact with plasma membrane-bound receptors

A

T3 and T4

Exam 4 (3 decks)

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