Disorders For Endocrine And Bone Chapter

Question 1

Lack of ADH (water retention)- decrease urine production by increasing the amount of water retained in the body

Answer 1

Diabetes insipidus

Question 2

Imbalances in GH secretion

Answer 2

Growth hormone disorders

Question 3

What are the three GH disorders?

Answer 3

Gigantism
Acromegaly
Pituitary dwarfism

Question 4

Occur prior to the closure of the epiphyseal plates.

Answer 4

Pituitary dwarfism

Question 5

Occur before the closure of epiphyseal plates.

Answer 5

Gigantism

Question 6

Occur after closure of epiphyseal plates.

Answer 6

Acromegaly

Question 7

Imbalances due to the systematic effects of thyroid hormones.

Answer 7

Thyroid disorders

Question 8

Overproduction of thyroid hormone

Answer 8

Hyperthyroidism

Question 9

Underproduction of thyroid hormone

Answer 9

Hypothyroidism

Question 10

What is the treatment for osteoporosis?

Answer 10

Calcitonin

Question 11

Decrease in bone density

Answer 11

Osteoporosis

Question 12

Excessive secretion of the hormone aldosterone

Answer 12

hyperaldosteronism

Question 13

What are three aldosterone disorders?

Answer 13

Hypokalemia
Hypernatremia
High blood pressure

Question 14

Low blood potassium levels

Answer 14

Hypokalemia

Question 15

High blood sodium ion levels

Answer 15

Hypernatremia

Question 16

over secretion of the hormone cortisol

Answer 16

Cushing syndrome/Hypercortisolism

Question 17

Hyposecretion of cortisol and aldosterone

Answer 17

Addison’s disease

Question 18

What are the two regions that the adrenal glands are divided into?

Answer 18

Adrenal cortex

Adrenal medulla

Question 19

What are the three zones of the adrenal cortex?

Answer 19

Zona glomerulosa
Zona faciculata
Zona reticularis

Question 20

What hormones do the adrenal cortex secrete?

Answer 20

Cortisol

Aldosterone

Question 21

Which zone/zones order?

Mineralocorticoids —> Aldosterone

Answer 21

Zona glomerulosa

Question 22

Which zone/zones order?

Glucocorticoids —> Cortisol —> Androgenic Steroids —> Testosterone & Estrogen

Answer 22

Zona fasiculata

Zona reticularis

Question 23

condition where calcium blood levels are too high

Answer 23

Hypercalcemia

Question 24

What hormones do the adrenal medulla secrete?

Answer 24

Epinephrine

Norepinephrine

Question 25

Condition when your body produces high levels of blood acids called ketones

Answer 25

Ketoacidosis

Question 26

condition where blood glucose levels are too low

Answer 26

hypoglycemia

Question 27

condition where blood glucose levels are too high (Diabetes Mellitus 1 & 2)

Answer 27

hyperglycemia

Question 28

* osteoblasts develop in the primary ossification center * osteoblasts secrete organic matrix, which calcifies * early spongy bone is formed * early compact bone is formed

Answer 28

intramembranous ossification

Question 29

* chondroblasts in the perichondrium differentiate into osteoblasts * osteoblasts build bone collar on the bone's external surface as the bone begins to ossify from the outside * simultaneously, the internal cartilage begins to calcify and the chondrocytes die * in the primary ossification center, osteoblasts replace the calcified cartilage with early spongy bone; the secondary ossification center and medullary cavity develop

Answer 29

endochondral ossification

Question 30

* Most common cause of dwarfism; gene defect inherited from a parent or caused by new mutation * Defective gene produces an abnormal growth factor receptor on cartilage; interferes with hyaline cartilage model used in endochondral ossification; also articular and epiphyseal cartilage * Bones form and grow abnormally; results in short limbs, a disproportionately long trunk and facial abnormalities

Answer 30

achondroplasia

Question 31

Tumor on parathyroid glands produces large amounts of PTH (hypersecretion). What is the effect on bone? Would vitamin D help?

Answer 31

* osteoporosis, lose bone density | * vit. D aids in calcium reabsorption in bone

Question 32

after brain surgery there is a large volume of dilute urine. hormone-medication?

Answer 32

ADH -->diabetes insipidus

Question 33

both amino acid-based hormones although they are an exception in that they are more hydrophobic than other amino acid-based hormones; do not interact with plasma membrane-bound receptors

Answer 33

T3 and T4