Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

1B Gastroenterology > Disorders of appetite > Flashcards

Disorders of appetite Flashcards

1
Q

what can disorders in appetite be due to problems with?

A

water intake

foot intake

can be more or less than normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is polydipsia?

A

excessive thirst or drinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is adipsia?

A

inappropriate lack of thirst with consequent failure to drink in order to correct hyperosmolality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is anorexia?

A

lack or loss of apetite for food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is obesity?

A

abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the causes of primary polydipsia?

A

mental illness

brain injuries

organic brain damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what mental illnesses can cause polydipsia?

A
  • psychogenic polydipsia (or acquired)
    • Schizophrenia
    • Mood disorders - depression and anxiety
    • Anorexia
    • Drug use
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what can cause secondary polydipsia?

A
  • More common
  • Medical issues that disrupt any step in osmoregulation or alter ADH can cause secondary polydipsia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the general cases for secondary polydipsia?

A

chronic medical conditions

medications

dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what medical conditions can cause secondary polydipsia?

A
  1. Diabetes insipidus & mellitus
  2. Kidney failure
  3. Conn’s syndrome
  4. Addison’s disease
  5. Sickle cell anaemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what medications can cause secondary polydipsia?

A
  1. Diuretics
  2. Laxatives
  3. Both result in dehydration
  4. Antidepressants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what can cause dehydration?

A
  1. Acute illness
  2. Sweating
  3. Fevers
  4. Vomiting
  5. Diarrhoea
  6. Underhydration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the difference between DM and diabetes insipidus?

A

Diabetes mellitus (DM):

  • General population - common
  • Related to high blood sugar
  • Treatment of high blood sugar

Diabetes Insipidus (DI):

  • General population - uncommon
  • Related to pituitary problems
  • Impaired ADH production
  • Treatment with desmopressin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the most common signs of diabetes?

A
  1. Always tired
  2. Frequent urination
  3. Sudden weight loss
  4. Wounds not healing
  5. Sexual problems
  6. Always hungry
  7. Blurry vision
  8. Numbness or tingling hands and feet
  9. Always thirsty
  10. Vaginal infections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what can cause acute kidney failure that can lead to secondary polydipsia?

A
  1. Cancer
  2. Sepsis/ infections
  3. NSAIDS
  4. Urinary instructions
  5. Trauma
  6. Heat stroke
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

why does conn’s syndrome cause polydipsia?

A

primary aldosteroinism= overproduction aldosterone

aldosterone causes H2O retention via NaCl absorption and K+ excretion

17
Q

what does addisons disease cause?

A

hypoadrenocorticoism

18
Q

what are the problems caused by polydipsia?

A
  • Kidney and bone damage
  • Headache
  • Nausea
  • Cramps
  • Slow reflexes
  • Slurred speech
  • Low energy
  • Confusion
  • Seizures
19
Q

what are the biological effects of adipsia?

A

less water input

increased urine osmolality

stimulates the secretion of ADH

water retention

sensation of thirst decreases

20
Q

what are the types of adipsia?

A
  • type A-D (A most common)
  • type A= psychogenic adipsia?
  • type B= decreasing number osmoreceptors
  • Type c= no osmoreceptors
  • Type D= inappropriate secretion ADH
21
Q

what are eating disorders?

A

mental disorders characterised by abnormal eating habits

22
Q

what disorders are classified as eating disorders?

A
  • Binge eating disorder
  • Anorexia nervosa (fear of gaining weight- weight loss)
  • Bulimia nervosa (desire for food but self induced vomiting/ laxatives)
  • Pica (eating inappropriate things) (hair/soil/dust etc)
  • Rumination syndrome (regurgitation and re eating)
  • Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (narrow spectrum of food only eaten)
23
Q

what are the signs of anorexia?

A
  • Low BMI, continuous weight loss, amenorrhea, halitosis, mood swings, dry hair, skin & hair thinning
24
Q

what are the causes of anorexia?

A
  • Genetic, environmental, psychological, sociological
25
Q

what are the different classifications of anorexia based on BMI?

A

mild: BMI>17
moderate: BMI 16-16.99
severe: BMI 15-15.99
extreme: BMI<15

26
Q

what is the mechanism of anorexia?

A

high serotonin release

increased serotonin in CSF= increased breakdown of products in urine

= increased anxious state

27
Q

what is the leading cause of death due to high BMI?

A

cardiovascualr disease

28
Q

what are you are higher risk from if obese?

A
29
Q

what are the causes of increasing obesity worldwide?

A
  • Not lack exercise
    • Physical activity started to decline prior to obesity epidemic
  • Cheap, calorie-rich/ nutrient poor beverages, sweets and fast food
30
Q

what is the management for obesity?

A
  • Screening (BMI, medical history etc)
  • BMI>25+ comorbidities or BMI>30 = treatment
31
Q

what are the treatment for obesity?

A

lifestyle modifications (diet and exercise most effective)

surgical treatment

32
Q

who is eligible for surgical treatment of obesity?

A
  • People with a > BMI 40 or 35+ comorbidities
33
Q

what are the most common surgeries for obesity?

A

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass & sleeve gastrectomy

34
Q

what is the remission rate after bariatric surgery?

A
  • Weight loss 5 yrs after BS: 30% - 35%
  • Remission of comorbidities
    • Diabetes (80%)
    • OSA (80%-85%)
35
Q

what do GLP1 and GLP2 do?

A

stimulate insulin release

inhibit glucagon release

36
Q

what does ghrelin do?

A

hunger hormone

NPY activation-initiate appetitie

37
Q

what does PYY do?

A

satiety

anorexogenic

38
Q

what are the hormonal changes after bariatric surgery?

A

GLP1 and GLP2 and PYY elevated

ghrelin reduced

  • GLP1 dependant
    • increased Beta cell function
    • hypoglycaemia increase
  • GLP1 independent
    • increased insulin sensitivity
    • increased weight loss
    • increased bile acids

1B Gastroenterology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions