Disorders of attention Flashcards
(24 cards)
Name the particular part of the brain involved in attention:
Right parietal lobe
Damage to (especially) the right parietal lobe is likely to cause:
Contralesional hemispatial neglect
Damage to both the right and left parietal lobes is likely to cause:
Balint’s syndrome
Which visual pathway starts to encroach on the parietal lobe?
Any of the following:
Dorsal pathway
“Where” pathway
If a person were to have a stroke in the parietal lobe region, in which vascular territory would it be occurring?
Middle cerebral artery
A failure to become aware of/orient toward the contralesional side of the body due to (usually) right parietal lobe damage:
Hemispatial neglect
If a person has this deficit, they are less likely to interact with the opposite hemispace:
Directional hypokinesia
True or false: hemispatial neglect usually recovers.
True
In this bedside assessment, people with hemispatial neglect won’t notice half of a visual scene and will not accurately explain what is going on:
“Explain what happened” task
In this bedside assessment of hemispatial neglect, patients must circle certain stimuli in amongst distractor stimuli; however they tend to not circle anything on the ipsilesional side:
Cancellation task
In this bedside assessment of hemispatial neglect, the patient is asked to put a line exactly through the middle of another line - a perception of their “true middle.” A longer end on the line suggests more attentional bias (or directional hypokinesia):
Line bisection
This bedside assessment for hemispatial neglect, adapted from the line bisection task, helps determine if neglect is visual or motor-related:
The landmark task
In this bedside assessment of hemispatial neglect, the patient is asked to remember a familiar scene and they will likely describe what is on the ipsilesional side:
“Remember a place” task
As patients start to recover from hemispatial neglect, they are aware of a contralesional stimulus when it occurs alone, but not when there is competing ipsilesional stimuli. This phenomenon is called:
Extinction
In Rafal et al.’s (2002) study, extinction still occurred even when stimuli were visually or ____ different, suggesting that it is likely driven by attention rather than vision:
Semantically
In Rafal et al.’s (2002) study, extinction was higher when stimuli were ____ (“two-two”) versus when they were ___ (“two-one”):
Same; different
In Rees et al.’s (2000) study using fMRI to look at extinction in hemispatial neglect, which part of the brain was still metabolically active?
V1
(This suggests that patients are able to perceive certain “what” details about a stimulus, and furthermore that hemispatial neglect is an attentional bias, not a visual one.)
In Cohen et al.’s (1995) study using the Flanker task to understand the extent of extinction in hemispatial neglect patients, reaction times for contralesional targets were faster or slower?
Slower
In Machado & Rafal’s (1999) study using line bisection to get precise measurements of extinction, there was no difference in the degree of ipsilesional bias between left and right ____ lobe damage patients:
Parietal
Caused by bilateral lesions of the posterior parietal lobes or parietal-occipital junction, resulting in simultaneous agnosia and spatial disorientation:
Balint’s syndrome
A deficit in mental representations of space & directing actions toward objects in the visual scene:
Spatial disorientation
Patients with simultaneous agnosia from Balint’s syndrome tend to be able to see things at a local level (i.e. smaller things that make up a larger picture) but not on a ____ level:
Global
(The larger thing made up of smaller components.)
Other symptoms of spatial disorientation associated with Balint’s syndrome include the absence of a blink response and:
Optic ataxia
A lack of voluntary control when reaching for objects:
Optic ataxia
