Flashcards in Disorders of Calcium Deck (15)
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Fatigue, confusion, depression, lethargy, coma, polyurethane, nocturia, constipation, pancreatitis, dyspepsia, weakness
General symptoms of hypercalcemia
1
Triad of Kidney stones, bone disease, peptic ulcer or pancreatitis
High blood calcium with high PTH
Blood phosphorous usually low
24 h urine calcium high or high normal
Bone mineral density low
Primary hyperparathyroidism
2
Hypercalcemia, low blood phosphate and suppressed PTH
Hypercalcemia of malignancy due to PTHrP
3
High blood calcium, low PTH, high normal or elevated phosphate
Low vitamin d
Hypercalcemia of malignancy with cytokines
4
High calcium, low PTH, high blood phosphate
Vitamin d toxicity
5
PTH high normal, low urinary calcium
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Don't remove glands - it will just recur
6
Low blood calcium, high phosphate, low PTH
Hypoparathyroidism
7
Low calcium, high phosphorous, high PTH
Psuedohypoparathyroidism
8
Low calcium and low phosphorous in blood
Lack of vitamin d
Decreased 25 OHD
Decreased 1,25(OH)2-D (kidney disease, 1alpha hydroxylase deficiency)
9
Low calcium and phosphorous, high 1,25(OH)2D
Resistance - inactivating mutation of vitamin d receptor causing hypocalcemia
10
Neuromuscular excitability - chvosteks and trousseaus
Muscle cramps the tetany
Paresthesia
Laryngo and bronchospasm
Seizure
Arrhythmia
Signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia
11
What are the causes of osteomalacia?
Vitamin d deficiency or resistance
Hypophosphatemia - FGF 23 increase renal loss and suppresses vitamin d
Drug induced - anticonvulsants enhance catabolism of vitamin d, phosphate binders (aluminum)
12
Diffuse bone pain, muscle tenderness and weakness, waddling gait, fractures and psuedofractures in usual and unusual locations (ribs, sternum, scapula, pelvis, femoral shafts, metatarsals - not in osteoperosis)
Osteomalacia
13
Decreased growth, widening of epiphysis, rachitic rosary, deformation of bones, tooth enamel defects
Rickets
14
