Disorders of Circulation

Question 1

What is Edema?

Answer 1

Increased fluid in the ECF

Question 2

What is Anasarca?

Answer 2

A term used to describe gross edema

Question 3

What is Hyperemia?

Answer 3

INcreased blood flow

Question 4

What is Congestion?

Answer 4

Increased backup of blood

Question 5

What is Hemorrhage?

Answer 5

Extravasation

Question 6

What is Hemostasis?

Answer 6

Keeping blood as a fluid

Question 7

What is Thrombosis?

Answer 7

Clotting of blood

Question 8

What is Embolism?

Answer 8

Downstream travel of a blood clot

Question 9

What is Infarction?

Answer 9

Death of tissues due to lack of blood

Question 10

What is Shock?

Answer 10

Circulatory failure/collapse

Question 11

What are the causes to these circulation disorders?

Answer 11

Cardiac, pulmonary, inflammatory, loss of protein (liver and kidney), Dysphetic, Metabolic (The last two are involved in no pitting edema)

Question 12

_____ is the volume of blood pumped by each ventricle per minute and represents the total blood flow in pulmonary and systemic circuits.

Answer 12

Cardiac output

Question 13

_____ is the product of heart rate and stroke volume. (CO=HR X SV)

Answer 13

Cardiac output

Question 14

_____ _____ resistance is the sum of the factors that determine regional blood flow in each organ.

Answer 14

Peripheral vascular

Question 15

Two thirds of the resistance in the systemic vasculature is determined by the _____.

Answer 15

arterioles

Question 16

The sum of all regional flows equals the _____ return, which in turn determines the cardiac output.

Answer 16

venous (Diastolic pressure is more important)

Question 17

In flow to the heart is called as _____ and outflow in called as _____.

Answer 17

preload; after-load

Question 18

_____ is defined as a palpable swelling produced by excess accumulation of fluid in the extra vascular compartment.

Answer 18

Edema

Question 19

Edema is mostly in _____ compartment.

Answer 19

Interstitial

Question 20

Edema is shift of fluid to the interstitial space like : (3)

Answer 20

Hydrothorax ( in pleura); Hydropericardium; Hydroperitoneum (Ascites)

Question 21

Edema may be LOCALIZED due to _____.

GENERALIZED due to_____.

Answer 21

Inflammation; systemic

Question 22

When massive and generalized, this is called _____. Which is usually caused by liver failure (cirrhosis of the liver) or renal failure/disease and severe malnutrition/protein deficiency.

Answer 22

anasarca

Question 23

Pain killers can lead to?

Answer 23

Liver failure

Question 24

This heart failure is due to left sided heart failure, pulmonary infections, hypersensivity reaction.

Answer 24

Pulmonary edema