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Pathophysiology > Disorders Of Hearing > Flashcards

Disorders Of Hearing Flashcards

1
Q

Meniere Disease*

A

Unbalanced signals- causes you to feel like you’re spinning, ringing in ears, feeling fullness or pressure in the ear

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2
Q

Causes of Meniere Disease *

A 
Trauma
Infection 
Immunologic
Endocrine (hyperthyroidism/ adrenal pituitary insufficiency)
Vascular disorders
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3
Q

Disorders in Vestibular Functions*

A

Vertigo - illusion that motion occurs (feels like your falling)

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4
Q

Causes of Vertigo *

A

CNS lesions involving cerebellum and lower brain stem
Brain stem ischemia
Tumors
Multiple sclerosis

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5
Q

Disorders of Peripheral Vestibular*

A

Sudden onset if dizziness by head changes
Meniere disease
Episodes of tinnitus, feelings of ear fullness, violent vertigo (can’t sit or walk)

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6
Q

How to diagnose vestibular disorders?*

A

Description of symptoms
History of trauma or exposure to toxic agents
Eye movement (nystagmus)
Balance n equilibrium

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7
Q

External Ear

A

Passes waves to middle ear

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8
Q

Middle Ear

A

Protects inner ear from damaging sounds

- 3 bones (malleus, stapes, incus)

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8
Q

Inner Ear

A

Main organ of balance (vestibular function)

Translate sounds waves to auditory nerve which transfers to the brain stem

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10
Q

External Ear Disorders

A

Wax - impacted cerumen
Otitis External - inflammation
Otorrhea- drainage from external ear

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11
Q

3 functions of Eustachian Tube

A
  • ventilates and equalizes middle war with ambient pressure
  • protects middle ear from unwanted sound waves/ secretions
  • drains middle ear secretions into nasopharynx
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12
Q

Middle Eat Disorders

A

Acute Otitis in children
Otitis Media
Otitis Media with Effusion

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13
Q

Acute Otitis Media (in Children)

A

Eustachian tube is shorter, more horizontal and wider

- infection spreads more easily cuz of being on supine position

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14
Q

Otitis Media

A

Middle ear infection associated with collected fluid

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15
Q

Otitis Media with Effusion

A

Fluid in middle ear without signs or symptoms of acute ear infection

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16
Q

Inner Ear Disorder

A

Tinnitus

Hearing loss

17
Q

Hearing Loss

A

Conductive hearing loss - stimuli not adequately transmitted

Sensorineural hearing loss - disorders of inner ear including auditory nerve or pathways to brain

Mixed hearing loss

18
Q

Ostoclerosis

A

Formation of spongy bones around stapes, immobilizing it leadings to deafness

20
Q

Balance Reflexes

A

Vestibular nuclei - center for balance

Cranial nerves oculomotor, trochlear and abducens

Vestibulo-ocular reflexes

21
Q

Nystagmus

A

Involuntary eye movements that is repetitive or uncontrollable

22
Q

Tinnitus

A

Constant ringing in ears

23
Q

Treatments for hearing loss

A

Remove cerumen
Hearing aids
Cochlear implants
Reconstruction of tympanic membrane

Pathophysiology (10 decks)

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