Disorders of the Lower GI Tract Flashcards
(43 cards)
Diarrhea
passage of frequent, watery stool
Secretory Diarrhea
secretion of fluid exceeds the amount that can be re-absorbed
causes: bacterial food poisoning
bacteria affects the re-absorption of water
Osmotic Diarrhea
unabsorbed material attracts water to the colon
Causes: Lactose deficiency, ingestion of laxatives
Intractable Diarrhea
chronic, does not respond to treatment
What is the treatment for Diarrhea?
1st: fluid and electrolyte replacement
low fiber
lactose free
Fat Malabsorption
Cause:
-interference with the production of either bile or pancreatic lipase
unabsorbed fatty acids binds with minerals to form “soap”
causes Steatorrhea
What is Soap?
the chemical component formed when unabsorbed fatty acids bind with minerals
What is Steatorrhea?
excessive fat in stool (Stool floats)
What are the S/S of Fat Malabsorption?
loss of energy, fatty acids, fat-soluble vitamins, minerals, bone disease, kidney stones (high oxalate absorption)
*Fat is nutrient dense so they wont be getting a lot of nutrients
What dietary adjustments need to be made for Fat Malabsorption patients?
high calorie (protein)
MCT (medium-chain triglycerides : these are short chain fatty acids, b/c long chain triglycerides are the ones that require bile to be digested)
What does bile do?
emulsifies fat so digestive enzymes can do their job and nutrients can be absorbed
How does Fat Malabsorption contribute to kidney stone production?
in a normal healthy condition:
oxalate binds with calcium —> calcium oxalate (excreted with stools)
with fat Malabsorption:
fatty acids bind with calcium… oxalate cannot bind with calcium and is reabsorbed into the blood and filtered in the kidney…which attributes to kidney stone formation
What is pancreatitis?
inflammation of the pancreas
damage to the pancreatic tissue will release pancreatic enzymes causing the pancreas to self digest itself
may last few days, weeks or months
may be acute or chronic
What are the S/S of pancreatitis?
pain, vomiting, Steatorrhea (pancreatitis leads to fat Malabsorption), weight loss
What are the causes of pancreatitis?
gallstones, excessive alcohol consumption, exposure to toxin, cancer
What are the nutritional recommendations for patients with pancreatitis?
replacement of fluid and electrolytes
progressive diet: low fat, high protein, small meal, pancreatic enzyme replacement (chronic cases)
What is Cystic Fibrosis?
GENETIC disorder: the most common life-threatening disorder among Caucasians (1 in 2000 to 1 in 3000)
production of THICK MUCUS clogs lungs and pancreas
What will Cystic Fibrosis eventually lead to?
LUNG DISEASE: obstructions in small airways, labored breathing, chronic coughing, respiratory infections
PANCREATIC DISEASE: accumulation of digestive enzyme in the pancreas, Malabsorption, pancreatitis, hyperglycemia, diabetes
-pancreatic duct is clogged with mucus
What are the diet requirements for Cystic Fibrosis patients?
high calorie/high protein diet, frequent meals, extra vitamins, minerals (Ca and Na), pancreatic enzyme replacement
What is Celiac Disease?
abnormal immune response to a protein fraction in wheat gluten
shrinking of the intestinal cells (surface area isn’t as large and nutrient absorption is effected)
Malabsorption of macronutrients, fat-soluble vitamins, electrolytes, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, folate, and vitamin B12
What are the S/S of Celiac Disease?
diarrhea, Steatorrhea, flatulence, lactase deficiency, stunted growth, underweight
What considerations do those with Celiac Disease have to take?
removal of wheat, oats, rye and barley from diet
READ LABELS CAREFULLY b/c gluten may not be listed but other components/ingredients may contain gluten
What are the two types of inflammatory bowel disease?
Crohn’s and Ulcerative Colitis
Crohn’s Disease
inflammation along the GI tract: mostly ileum and colon but can be anywhere in the GI tract
