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NURS 347 EXAM 5 UROLOGY > Disorders Of Urinary System > Flashcards

Disorders Of Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 inflammatory disorders of the urinary system?

A

Acute pyelonephritis
Chronic pyelonephritis
Urethritis
Urethral diverticula
Interstitial Cystitis ( painful bladder syndrome ( PBS )

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2
Q

What is acute Pyelnophritis?

A

An inflammation of the renal parenchyma & collecting system including renal pelvis

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3
Q

The most common bacterial infection of acute pyelonephritis is?

A

E.coli
Protozoa
Klebsiella
Enterobacteriales

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4
Q

What does urospesis mean?
And how does that effect acute pyelonephritis ?

A

Systemic infection arising from urologic source

It causes septic shock and death unless treated
( from the bacteria that can cause inflammation of parenchyma )

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5
Q

Etiology and Pathophysiology of
Acute pyelnoephritis
How does it happen?

A

Colonization and infection from lower urinary tract from Urethra and goes up!

Which bacteria from the GI, like E.Coli, Klebsiella, enterobactor go up

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6
Q

Not only can bacteria travel up the urthrea and cause acute pyelonephritis, we also contain preexisting factors that can play a huge role in causing this inflammation of the renal parenchyma like what? (2)
Define each or examples

A

Vesicourecteral reflex
( which urine goes backwards from lower to upper )

Or dysfunction of lower urinary
( obstruction, stones, stricture )

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7
Q

Another two issues that can potentially cause acute pyelonephritis are?

A

CAUTI
Pregnancy

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8
Q

Where does acute pyelnophritis start and spreads throughout in the body?

A

Renal medulla
Spreads to cortex

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9
Q

What are clinical manifestations of acute pyelonephritis? (10)
Think of the N in phelpneprhtis ( Nancy! )

A

Fever
Chills
Nausea
Vomiting
Malaise
Flank pain (CVA)
Dysuria
Urgency
Frequency
Costovertebral angle tenderness CVA)

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10
Q

What’s an anagram to help me remember acute Pyelonephritis manifestations? (10)

A

Feels
Cold
Nancy
Vomits
Macaroons
Flies
Drinks
Urine
Frequently
Cocky

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11
Q

What are the diagnostic studies we can do for acute pyelnoephritis? (5)
Explain each one

A

Urinalysis
( pyuria -^ WBC )
( Bacteriuriax hematuria ( bacteria & blood )

Urine culture & sensitive
( specific bacteria )

Blood culture
( maybe bacterial blood )

BUN & Creatinine
( Decreased kidney function tests )

Ultrasound/CT scan
( more ct tho )

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12
Q

Interprofessional care
Care for mild symptoms associated to acute pyelonephritis
What are we going to do or tell our patients? (5)

A

Fluids
NSAIDS
Follow up culture & Imaging
Antibiotics oral 7-14 days
IV to oral 14-21 days

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13
Q

Interprofessional care for severe symptoms of acute pyelonephritis (3)

A

IV fluids until oral is tolerated
Combination of parenteral antibiotics
Also includes mild symptoms

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14
Q

You always what to monitor and prevent this when doing care for someone with acute pyelonephritis?

A

Urosepsis
Prevent septic shock

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15
Q

What are 4 symptoms of Urosepsis ?

A

Low blood pressure
High respiratory rate
Difficulty breathing
Rapid heart rate

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16
Q

What is some subjective data we want to ask our patient for acute pyelnophritis ? (8)

A

Past health
Medications
Surgery
Health perception
Nutritional
Elimation
Cognitive
Sexual

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17
Q

What are 3 objectives data to see?

A

General
Urinary
Diagnostic findings

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18
Q

What is the 3 nursing diagnosis for acute pyelnoephritis!

A

Impaired urinary system
Acute pain lack of knowledge

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19
Q

What is 5 planning goals for acute pyrlonphritis ?

A

Normal renal function
Normal body temp
No complications
Relief of pain
No recurrence

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20
Q

Nursing implementation
What will we say or help improve our patient for acute pyelonephritis? (8)
This is the one with rest & 8 fluids!! Think of those!!

A

Early treatment
Patient teaching
Disease process
Take medications
Follow up
Signs and symptoms
Adequate fluid intake ( 8 glasses/daily)
Rest

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21
Q

The expected outcomes for the patient with acute pyelonephritis is? (3)

A

Have normal urinary elimination patterns

Report relief of bothersome urinary tract symptom

State knowledge of treatment plan

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22
Q

What is chronic pyelonephritis?

A

Kidneys are continually inflamed

23
Q

Chronic pyelonephritis ; since the kidneys are inflamed this will cause ____ and leading to ____

A

Scarring ( fibrosis )
Loss of renal function & renal atrophy

24
Q

Chronic pyelonephritis is the result from? (2)

A

Anatomical abnormalities
( vesicoureteral reflux )
Or
Recurrent infections of upper UTI

25
Q

What are two diagnostic studies for chronic Pyelnoephritis?

A

Radiologic imaging & biopsy

26
Q

What is the treatment for chronic Pyelonephrtisis?

A

Treat infection & underlying contributing factors

27
Q

We really want to treat chronic Pyelonephritis because of?

A

End stage renal disease

28
Q

What is Urethritis?

A

Inflammation of the urethra

29
Q

What causes Urethritis? (6)

A

Bacterial or viral infection (Herpes)
trichomonas or monilia
( parasite, Candida albicans )
Chlamydia or gonorrhea

30
Q

How does males get Urethritis?

A

Through sex

31
Q

What are clinical manifestations for men who have urethritis? (4)

A

Discharge
Dysuria ( painful pee )
Urgency
Frequency

32
Q

What happens to women who have urethritis?

A

It’s very hard to diagnosis !!

33
Q

What is the treatment for urethritis? (2)

A

Antimicrobials & sitz baths
( sitz bath is like anal bath, warm water and sit in tub )

34
Q

What do you want to teach the patient about urethritis? (4)

A

Avoid vagina sprays
Perineal hygiene
no sex for 7 days
Contact partners

35
Q

What is Urethral diverticula ?

A

Localized outpouching of urethra from enlarged periurethral glands

36
Q

Who is Urethral Digertivula more common in?

A

Women

37
Q

What are some risk factors that can cause urethral diverticula? (4)

A

Trauma
Instrumentation or dilation
Vaginal delivery
Frequent infections

38
Q

What are the clinical manifestations for Urethral Diverticula ? (10)
D for Diana!!

A

Dysuria
Post voiding dribbling
Frequency
Urgency
Suprapubic discomfort
Incomplete bladder emptying
Incontience ( asymptotic)
Hematuria
Cloudy urine
Vaginal walls mass with pus

39
Q

What is the anagram to help me remember urethral diverticula clinical manifestations (10)

A

Diana
Posts
Frequent
Urine
Samples
In
Instagram
He
Checks
Views

40
Q

What’s the 3 diagnostics studies we can do for urethral diverticula?

A

Ultrasound / MRI
voiding cystoureyhrography ( VCUG )
Urethroscopy

41
Q

What is the treatment option of urethral diverticula? (3)

A

Surgical
Trans vaginal diverotculectomy
Spence procedure
Urethroscopic surgical excision

42
Q

What are the 4 complications that follow urethral diverticula surgical ?

A

Incontience
Inflection
Bleeding
fistula

43
Q

What is interstitial cystitis (IC) or Painful bladder syndrome (PBS)?

A

Chronic painful inflammatory disease of bladder

44
Q

The etiology of interstitial cystitis is unknown however, what are 4 possible causes ?

A

Neurogenic hypersensitivity
Mast cell changes in muscle or muscoal layer
Infection
Toxic substance in urine

45
Q

What are the 2 main clinical manifestations for IC?

A

Pain and bothersome LUTS

46
Q

Severe clinical manifestations for IC is?

A

Voiding more than 60x a day & night

47
Q

Where is the pain normally in a patient with IC?

A

Suprapubic but can be perineal areas

48
Q

Patients with IC will have increase pain with ? (6)

A

Bladder filling
Post poned urination
Physical exerction
Suprapubic pressure
Certain foods
Emotional distress

49
Q

IC patients will have temporary decrease pain during?

A

Voiding ( temporary ! )

50
Q

IC is often misdiagnosed as chronic or recurring ___or chronic prostatic in men

A

UTI

51
Q

During all of these symptoms, patients will also have ? (2)

A

Remissions and exacerbations
Meaning comes and goes

52
Q

What is the treatment for IC? (7)
Think of what type therapy??

A

Nutritional
Drug therapies
Stress management
Analgesics ( pain )
Physical therapy
Botox
Surgery
( iliostomy)

53
Q

Nursing management For IC
What are we as nurses going to tell our patient? (6)
Think of like coping mechanisms& pain analysis !!

A

PAIN ASSESSMENT
Diet & lifestyle factors
Bladder 3 days chart
Monitor UTI
Avoid restrictive clothing
Coping strategies / Reassurance

NURS 347 EXAM 5 UROLOGY (16 decks)

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