diversity of life

Question 1

what are the characteristics of life?

Answer 1

Cellular organization
Reproduction
Metabolism
Homeostasis
Heredity
Response to stimuli
Growth and development
Adaption through evolution

Question 2

what is the three origins of life on earth?

Answer 2

• Generation of complex biomolecules due to complex early atmosphere deep-sea hydrothermal vents
• Generation of replicating organisms via An RNA world? Chelation by mineral clays
• Panspermia

Question 3

what is used to measure most cells and organelles?

Answer 3

Most cells and organelles is measured in micrometers (microns)

Question 4

one thousandth of a milli meter (10-3 mm) = ?

Answer 4

1 µm

Question 5

1 mm?

Answer 5

1000 µm

Question 6

1 µm?

Answer 6

1000 nm

Question 7

Eukaryote cells range from -

Answer 7

10-100 µm

Question 8

Prokaryote cells range from -

Answer 8

5 µm

Question 9

Organelles range from -

Answer 9

mitochondria 1-10 µm
chloroplasts 2-5µm

Question 10

what are nano meters used for?

Answer 10

Nano meters are used to measure internal structures of cells & organelles

Question 11

one thousandth of a micro meter (10-3 µm)

Answer 11

1 nm

Question 12

1000 nm =

Answer 12

1 µm

Question 13

what is the nanometer the main unit to measure sub-cellular components?

Answer 13

it is the main unit

Question 14

what is membranes nanometer measurement?

Answer 14

7-8 nm

Question 15

what is ribosome nanometer measurement?

Answer 15

25 nm

Question 16

one thousandth of a millimeter (10-3 mm) = ?

Answer 16

1 µm

Question 17

one thousandth of a millimeter (10-3 mm) = ?

Answer 17

1 µm

Question 18

How did we get from tiny fossils cells to today’s biosphere?

Answer 18

evolution

Question 19

how do you get evolution?

Answer 19

When you have organisms that vary, pass on their characteristics and survive differentially

Question 20

how is there change in population overtime (evolution)?

Answer 20

particular variance in populations of organisms have different survival/reproduction then there will change in population over time (evolution)

Question 21

what is natural selection?

Answer 21

Natural selection is a testable hypothesis that provides a mechanism to explain evolution.

Question 22

what are the different ways we can determine natural selection?

Answer 22

• variation
• inheritance
• selection
• time

Question 23

what is the variation?

Answer 23

Individuals in a population vary from one another.

Question 24

what is inheritance?

Answer 24

Parents pass on their traits to their offspring genetically.

Question 25

what is selection?

Answer 25

Some variants reproduce more than others. (attraction matters) 

Question 26

what is time in terms of natural selection?

Answer 26

Successful variations accumulate over many generations.

Question 27

what does evolution act on?

Answer 27

Evolution doesn’t just act on shape or color, it also acts on biological molecules (which is also product of evolution)

Question 28

what should show the store of information in an organism, some evidence for evolution and natural selection?

Answer 28

DNA

Question 29

what can we use to draw relationships between different organisms?

Answer 29

DNA

Question 30

what do family/phylogenetic trees tell us?

Answer 30

By doing this with a wide range of organisms we can put all known life on Earth into three lumps (domains).

Question 31

If we take all the information stored in DNA sequencing and how they are related we would get:-

Answer 31

Bacteria Eukarya Archaea

Question 32

what is mitochondria bacterium?

Answer 32

we have the mitochondria which is a captured bacterium

Question 33

what would happen if there are no mitochondria?

Answer 33

there would be no eukarya so we wouldn’t be multicellular

Question 34

what is the endosymbiosis theory?

Answer 34

The Endosymbiosis theory states that two key organelles in eukaryotes are derived from bacteria

Question 35

what is mitochondria derived from?

Answer 35

Mitochondria are derived from proteobacteria, and chloroplasts from cyanobacteria.

Question 36

what are proteobacteria and cyanobacteria engulfed from?

Answer 36

These bacteria were engulfed by the ancestors of eukaryotes and tamed. This happened twice, first for mitochondria, and then for chloroplasts

Question 37

what is prokaryotic?

Answer 37

bacteria and archaea (smaller no nucleus)

Question 38

what is eukaryotic?

Answer 38

membrane brand organelles mitochondria and chloroplast

Question 39

what is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic?

Answer 39

- The difference between them comes from the capturing process - The key difference is that membrane-enclosed organelles are present in eukaryotes

Question 40

what is archaea?

Answer 40

single cell organisms living in extreme organism

Question 41

what is bacteria?

Answer 41

single cell organism that live everywhere

Question 42

what is eukarya?

Answer 42

most important organisms because includes fungi and animals