dk Flashcards
(16 cards)
the 3 processes of memory
encoding, storage, retrieval
how are memories encoded
visually- what the words look like
acoustically- what the words sound like
semantically- what the words mean
different types of memory
episodic memory- unique memories which are concerned with personal experiences or events
procedural memory- our memory for carrying out complex skills
semantic memory- memories which are concerned with general knowledge rather than personal experience
examples of episodic, procedural and semantic memory
episodic- remembering your first day at school and where you went on holiday last summer are examples.
semantic- knowing that Paris is the capital of France, that elephants have trunks, and that school is where students go to learn.
procedural- action based memories, ride a bike, swim, tie your shoe laces
multi store model of memory
the theory of memory that suggests information passes through a series of memory stages
the stores of memory
sensory store: holds information received from the senses for a very short period of time
short term memory: holds approximately seven bits of information for limited amount of time.
long term store- holds a vast amount of information for a very long period of time.
the differences of the stores of memory
duration, capacity, encoding
sensory, short, long memory (duration, capacity, encoding)
sensory
duration: couple of seconds
capacity: very little
encoding: the way that its recieved
short
duration: up to 30 secs (unless rehearsed)
capacity: up yo 7+-2 items
encoding: acoustically
long
duration: unlimited
capacity: unlimited
encoding: semantically (in terms of its meaning)
displacement
when new information pushes old information out of the short term memory store when it exceeds its limit
different types of encoding
visual: how something looks -‘seeing’your house in your mind and counting the number of window use visual encoding
acoustic: how something sounds - you can hear the words and music if you think about your favourite song in your head
semantic: the meaning of something - if you know what an elephant is and can use ‘elephant’
tactile: what things feel like to touch
olfactory: is memory for smells
processes of memory definitions
encoding - taking information into memory and changing it into a form that csn be stored
storage- holding information in your memory
retrieval -recovering information from storage
primacy effect: words recalled from the start of the list
recency effect: words recalled from the end of the list
things which can affect the accuracy of our memory (interference)
Interference: the difficulty in recalling information when other memories get in the way
-tbings we already know can cause problems when we try take in new info, eg old post code, new
-new things we learn cause problems when we try to recall old things eg new post code can’t remember old
things which can affect the accuracy of our memory (context)
context: the general setting or environment in which activities happen
- has been shown that recall of info is learning and recall take place in the same context
things which can affect the accuracy of our memory (false memories)
false memories: remembering something that has never happened
eg from their childhood told mixed fact and lie and they went to explain what happened when it didn’t
serial position effect
the chances of recalling any item depends on its position on the list
