DLA: Intro To Nervous System Flashcards
2 control of PNS
Somatic: voluntary control > skeletal muscle
Visceral: involuntary control > cardiac, smooth muscle, glands
Components of CNS
Brain
Spinal cord
Components of PNS
All other: Cranial nerves Spinal nerves Ganglia Enteric plexuses Sensory receptors
Sensory of somatic
PPPTT
Pain Pressure Proprioception Touch Temperature
Components of nervous system
Neurons
Neurologlial cells: supporting cells
Parts of a neuron
Cell body/soma
Dendrite
Axon: ends at synaptic end bulb = terminal bouton
3 types of neurons by structure
Multipolar
Pseudounipolar = unipolar
Bipolar
Neuroglial cells in CNS
Astrocyte
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells
Neuroglial cells in PNS
Schwann cells
Satellite cells
Collection of cell bodies and axons in CNS are called
Nucleus: grey matter, outside
Tract: white matter, myelinated, center
Collections of cell bodies and axons in PNS are called
Ganglion: grey matter, center
Peripheral nerve: white matter, outside
Compartments of brain
Cerebral hemispheres:
Folds=gyri, grooves=sulci
Longitudinal fissure separates left and right cerebral hemispheres
Fcn: sensory motor, visual, auditory, language, memory, higher cognitive fcns
Thalamus:
Relaying and modulating sensory input to cerebrum
Regulate motor fcn
Hypothalamus:
Homeostasis, growth, reproduction
Brainstem:
Midbrain, Pons, and Medulla Oblongata
Vegetative fcns: cardio regulation, swallowing, yawning
Cerebellum:
Posture, balance, smooth coordinated movements
PNS
Cranial nerves
Axons of neurons forming peripheral nerves exiting the cerebral cortex and brainstem
12 pairs: Cortex: CNI-II Midbrain: CNIII-IV Pons: CNV-VIII Medulla: CNIX-XII
Motor, sensory, parasympathetic fibers
PNS
Spinal nerves
Axons exiting the spinal cord segments
31 pairs: 8 cervical: C1-C8 12 thoracic: T1-T12 5 lumber: L1-L5 5 sacral: S1-S5 1 coccygeal: Co1
Motor, sensory, sympathetic, parasympathetic fibers
Formation of a typical spinal nerve
Dorsal/ventral horn > dorsal/ventral rootlets > dorsal/ventral root > spinal nerve, mixed > dorsal/central ramus
All glands are innervated by parasympathetic except
Sweat glands
2 neurons for autonomic system
Preganglionic: in CNS
Postganglionic: in PNS
Origin of sympathetic division of ANS
And cell bodies
T1-L2
Sympathetic chain ganglia (paravertebral), Preaortic ganglia, plexus
Origin of parasympathetic division of ANS
And cell bodies
CN III, VII, IX, X
S 2, 3, 4
Nuclei located in the head and ganglia in or near visceral walls
Synapses location
Axodendritic
Axosomatic
Axoaxonic
Synpases for muscle and gland cells occur between
Axons and effector cells
Muscle: NMJ = neuromuscular junction
2 types of synpases
Chemical: release of nt
Electrical: movement of ions across gap junctions
Mainly in cardiac and smooth muscle
6 types of nt
Ach: NMJ
Used by cholinergic neurons
Removed by AChesterase
Catecolamines: precursor Tyrosine
Epinephrine = adrenaline, used by adrenergic neurons
Norepinephrine
Removed by COMT, MAO
Serotonin: precursor tryptophan
Used by serotonergic neurons
Aa: GABA, Gly (inhibitory), Glu (excitatory), Asp
Nitric oxide: synthesized within synapse
Small peptides: substance P, VIP, CCK, HRH produced by APUD cells
Polio, Herpes, Rabies
Neuroinvasive viruses via retrograde transport
