DLT Flashcards
(19 cards)
How is diffusion defined by Rogers (1962)?
Diffusion is the process in which an innovation is communicated through
certain channels over time among the members of a social system. It is a
special type of communication, in that the messages are concerned with
new ideas. Communication is a process in which participants create and
share information with one another in order to reach a mutual understanding.
How does diffusion lead to social change?
Diffusion is a kind of social change, defined as the process by which
alteration occurs in the structure and function of a social system. When
new ideas are invented, diffused, and adopted or rejected, leading to certain
consequences, social change occurs. (Rogers, 1962)
What are the four main elements of diffusion?
Previously we defined diffusion as the process by which (1) an innovation
(2) is communicated through certain channels (3) over time (4) among the members of a social system. The four main elements are the
innovation, communication channels, time, and the social system. (Rogers, 1962)
What are some examples of failed diffusion of innovation ?
Elimination of scurvy. Remedy found in 1601, not fully implemented until end of 1795. QUERTY keyboard designed to slow down typists so their typewriters wouldn’t jam, better design created DVORAK- never diffused. Biggest failed innovation considered to be the segueway.
How is innovation defined?
An innovation is an idea, practice, or object that is perceived as new by
an individual or other unit of adoption. It matters little, so far as human
behavior is concerned, whether or not an idea is ‘‘objectively” new as
measured by the lapse of time since its first use or discovery.
What are the main questions someone typically asks about a new idea?
The main questions that an individual typically asks about a new idea
include ‘What is the innovation?’’ “How does it work?” “Why does it
work?” “What are the innovation’s consequences?” and “What will its
advantages and disadvantages be in my situation?” (Rogers, 1962)
What are the five perceived attributes of innovations?
Relative advantage (is this better than what I have?); Compatibility (is this consistent with my beliefs, values and past experiences); complexity (can i understand this?); and trialability (can i try it out before i adopt); Observability (are the results of the innovation visible to others?) Rogers 1962
What are the five types of adopters of innovation?
Innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority and laggards. (Rogers 1962)
What is the Concerns Based Adoption Model (CBAM)?
Developed by Hall (1979), approaches innovation adoption from the perspective of those impacted by the adoption of innovation and also charged with implementing the change (namely teachers).
What is the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)?
Developed by Davis (1985), TAM asserts that it is in fact a potential adopter’s attitude and expectations of the innovation that affects the changes for its adoption.
What are the two focus concepts in TAM?
How the innovation is perceived by the potential adopter related to its ease of use, and its potential usefulness. Davis believed ease of use has an impact on perceived usefulness. (1985)
What is the Chocolate Model?
Created by Dormant, 2011- focuses on innovation adoption and changed related to an organization and is structured around four elements: change, adopters, the change agents, and the organization (CACAO).
What is the shift in instructional design innovation that Hokanson, Miller, and Hooper suggest (2008)?
Moving from the roles of instructional engineer and manufacturer only to including an architect and artist with those roles.
What is the difference between adoption and diffusion?
Adoption is the choice to accept an innovation and the extent to which that innovation is integrated into the appropriate context. Diffusion is is how an innovation spreads through a population- it considers factors like time, and social pressure. (Straub, 2009- Understanding Technology Adoption)
What are some notable criticisms of the technology acceptance model?
Does perceived ease of use equal self efficacy? And there is no acknowledgment of individual differences in the theory (Straub, 2009).
What is the Technology Integration Model (TIM)?
Shaw, Ellis and Ziegler (2017) developed TIM to outline the processes behind continued technology use in an individual’s everyday life. TIM proposes that they are two direct predictors of technology use- which are cost-benefit decision and situation context.
What are the four measures on the technology readiness scale?
Optimism, Innovativeness, Discomfort and Insecurity.
Parasuraman, 2000
What is technological transience?
How specific incarnations of technology come and go, the length of time they are in existence, and their use within a given historical context. (Amirault, 2015)
What is the universal design for learning?
Rogers-Shaw, Carr-Chellman, Choi (2017) define as the framework for the teaching-learning transaction that conceptualizes knowledge through learner-centered foci emphasizing accessibility, collaboration, and community.
