DM Drugs Flashcards
(18 cards)
discuss response to high blood sugar
high sugar = insulin release from beta cells
insulin will
- stim glucose uptake from blood into cell for energy
- glycogen formation for liver storage
insulin lowers sugar
discuss response to low blood sugar
if hungry - promotes glucagon release from alpha cells
glucagon - stim glycogen breakdown into sugar
glucagon raises blood sugar
discuss DM
abnormality in glycogen formation and breakdown
discuss FBS levels
normal: 70-99; below 100
pre-diabetes: 110-125; risk for stroke/MI
diabetes: >126
discuss HbA1c
measures glycated hemoglobin for the past 3 mo.
normal: less than 5.7
pre: 5.7 - 6.4
diabetes: 6.5 and higher
classic symptoms of diabetes
polyuria
polydipsia
polyphagia
discuss diabetic peripheral neuropathy
macrovascular: BV of heart and brain = stroke/MI
micro: poor perfusion to nerves
minor wound/blister –> DM sx –> diabetic foot –> ampu
discuss rapid acting insulin
taken upon waking up 30 mins a breakfast
discuss intermediate and long acting insulin
during the day depending on levels - bid or qid
discuss insulin injection
injectable and never oral - SQ, IM and IV
protein sha so di pwede oral kasi ma first pass
syringe is until fat lang or use insulin pens
discuss implantable insulin pump
placed on SQ area
multiple injections c set dose
automatic na
discuss inhaled insulin
pulled out d/t super mahal
contraindicated to COPD, asthma or other respi shit
discuss implantable glucose monitor
on pt’s arm
checks sugar using phone
adverse effects of insulin
hypoglycemia
- mild: sweat, nervous, tremors, palpitation
- severe: confusion, behavior, convulsion, LOC
paradoxical reactions - hyper
immune reaction - allergy or resistance
lipodystrophy - injection site
discuss oral hypoglycemic agents
for T2DM - if insulin is not utilized properly
potentiates release of insulin
dec insulin resistance
dec glucose absorption
adverse effects of oral hypoglycemic drugs
hypoglycemia
GI - nausea and vomit
HA and dizzy
rashes, itchy
hemolytic anemia and bone marrow aplasia - chronic use
drug interactions of oral hypoglycemic drugs
alcohol - further dec sugar
salicylates - hypoglycemic
thiazides and beta blockers - reduce efficacy = hyper
non-pharma mx of DM
CV ex
diet
lifestyle mod
