DNA

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

Long chains of nucleotides
Made of phosphates,sugar,bases
Two chains run antiparallel in opposite directions
5’ sugar has a phosphate

Question 2

Double helix, t pairs with a c pairs with g

Answer 2

DNA

Question 3

DNA replication

Answer 3

Makes more dna
Occurs in nucleus
Occurs during a phase of interphase before mitosis and meiosis

Question 4

DNA replication is semi conservative

Answer 4

One old stand one new strand

Question 5

many enzymes work together to copy dna

Answer 5

DNA replication

Question 6

Helicase

Answer 6

Unwinds dna(separates) by breaking hydrogen bonds

Question 6

Topoisomerase

Answer 6

(Person standing on black lines)
Holds dna so it doesn’t retwist

Question 7

Primase

Answer 7

Adds rna primer to start replication ,shows dna polymerase where to attach

Question 8

DNA polymerase

Answer 8

Removes primer and adds can nucleotides in 5 to 3 direction also proofreads to catch errors and mutations

Question 9

Leading strand

Answer 9

Made continuously, dna polymerase moves toward helicase as strands are separating

Question 10

Lagging strand

Answer 10

Made in pieces( Okazaki fragments) bc dna polymerase can only add nucleoTides to growing 3’ end

Question 11

Ligase

Answer 11

Seals together fragments on lagging strand

Question 12

Uses dna to make mRNA so that the instructions in dna can be brought to the Protien building machinery outside the nucleus, occurs in nucleus of eukaryotic cells

Answer 12

Transcription

Question 13

RNA

Answer 13

Single stranded, contains U uracil can be inside or outside nucleus

Question 14

Helicase

Answer 14

Separates 2 strands of dna by breaking hydrogen bonds , uses in transcription

Question 15

RNA polymerase

Answer 15

Build s mRNA using dna template used in transcription

Question 16

Gene

Answer 16

Piece of dna that is use to make mRNA in a protiem

Question 17

Promoter

Answer 17

Start of gene tells rna polymerase where to start

Question 18

Terminator

Answer 18

End of a gene, tells rna polymerase where to stop

Question 19

mRNA editing

Answer 19

Modifications to mRNA after transcription, occurs in nucleus, before the mRNA enters cytoplasm

Question 20

Spliceosome

Answer 20

Cuts out non coding pieces of mRNA called introns

Question 21

Introns

Answer 21

Non coding pieces of mRNA

Question 22

Exons

Answer 22

Coding pieces of mRNA

Question 23

Alternate splicing

Answer 23

Different mRNA pieces are considered introns, so multiple different protiems can be made using same gene

Question 24

Two types of mRNA editing

Answer 24

Poly tail A: lots of A added, tells cell this is useful mRNA, not to destroy 5’ cap: modified guanine tells cell the mRNA is ready to leave the nucleus to make a Protien

Question 25

Translation

Answer 25

Uses mRNA to make a Protien

Question 26

Protiens

Answer 26

Chains of amino acids

Question 27

Amino acids

Answer 27

Pieces of a Protien

Question 28

Codon

Answer 28

A set of 3 mRNA bases that codes for an amino acid

Question 29

Ribosome

Answer 29

translation occurs

Question 30

tRNA

Answer 30

Transfer amino acid to ribosome

Question 31

Point mutation

Answer 31

single base incorrect ( substitution)

Question 32

Frameshift mutation

Answer 32

Bases added or deleted

Question 33

How does rna polymerase differ from dna polymersse

Answer 33

Rna polymerase can begin adding mRNA nucleotides but dna polymerase requires primate to begin dna synthesis

Question 34

Each stand of the original double stranded dna molecule serves as a template for newly constructed completary strand

Answer 34

Characteristic of dna replication

Question 35

When dna is produced from a dna template strand

Answer 35

Transcription

Question 36

What would happen if ribosome was disrupted

Answer 36

The cell would not be able to make Protiens

Question 37

Messing up dna sequence would result in

Answer 37

Change in codons a Causing different amino acids to be placed in the Protien

Question 38

What happens when a tRNA molecule delivers an amino acid to the ribosome

Answer 38

The amino acid is bonded to another amino acid to create a growing polypeptide

Question 39

30 nucleotides results in how many amino acids in a protien

Answer 39

10

Question 40

RNA contains

Answer 40

Uracil