Module 2&3

Question 1

Psychology

Answer 1

the scientific study of behavior and mental
processes

Question 2

behavior

Answer 2

something that is directly observable

Question 3

Basic Research

Answer 3

is pure science that aims to increase
the scientific knowledge base

Question 4

Applied research

Answer 4

the scientific study that aims to solve
practical problems

Question 5

Wilhelmina wundt

Answer 5

Father of psychology

The opening of the lab in 1879 is considered the
beginning of the field of psychology

Question 6

Edward titchener

Answer 6

Founder of structuralism

Question 7

Structuralism

Answer 7

First major school of thought in psychology
Theory that structure of conscious experience could be understood by analyzing basic elements of thoughts and sensations
Didnt proove to be very reliable died out

Question 8

William james

Answer 8

First American psychologist and was the founder of functionalism

Question 9

Functionalism

Answer 9

Theory emphasized the functions of consciousness or ways consciousness helps people adapt to their environment

Question 10

Sigmund Freud

Answer 10

Is the founder of psychoanalysis, contorversial theory about workings of the uncioncious mind. Believed that abnormal behavior originated from unconscious drives and conflicts

Question 11

Psychoanalysis

Answer 11

Freud theory of personality, attempts to provide insights into thoughts and actions by exposing and interpreting the underlying unconscious motives and conflicts

Question 12

Freud influence

Answer 12

Influential in pop culture, psychodynamic theory, unconscious thoughts and significance of childhood experiences

Question 13

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 13

Discovered classical conditioning, studied through snimals. Fueled move in psychology towards an interest in observable behaviors and away from self examination of inner ideas and experiences

Question 14

Classical conditioning

Answer 14

Behavior can be manipulated to react to a conditioned stimulus

Question 15

Reflexes

Answer 15

Automatic responses caused by stimulus in environment

Question 16

Describe conditioned unconditioned stimulus and reflex response in Ivan’s experiment

Answer 16

Reflex is dog salivating unconditioned is food conditioned is bell

Question 17

John watson

Answer 17

Founder of behaviorism, , theory of psychology should restrict its efforts to studying observable behaviors not mental process

Question 18

Little albert

Answer 18

Famous and controversial study from John Watson to demonstrate classical conditioning in humans. Outcome was that humans can be conditioned

Question 19

Behaviorism

Answer 19

Theory that psychology should only study pbservable behaviors not mental process

Question 20

Bf skimmer

Answer 20

American behavioral psychologist who developed fundamental principles and techniques of operant conditioning , influence was behaviorism focuses onclearnimg through rewards and observation

Question 21

A child touches a hot stove and feels pain. This unpleasant outcome makes the child less likely
to touch the stove in the future

Answer 21

Positive punishment

Question 22

2. A student studies hard to avoid a bad grade. The unpleasant prospect of failure is removed by
   studying, making the student more likely to study again

Answer 22

Negative reinforcement

Question 23

A teenager is grounded (loss of freedom) for breaking curfew. This removal of privilege
decreases the likelihood of breaking curfew again

Answer 23

Negative punishment

Question 24

dog sits on command and gets a treat. This makes the dog more likely to sit on command in
the future because it associates sitting with getting a reward.

Answer 24

Positive reinforcement

Question 25

Humanistic psychology

Answer 25

Perspective that focuses on study of conscious experience , stresses study of conscious experience and an individuals free will

Question 26

Abraham Maslow

Answer 26

Humanistic psychologist who proposed hierarchy of needs

Question 27

Jean Piaget

Answer 27

Pioneer in study of developmental psychology who introduced a stage theory of cognitive development that led to better understanding of children thought process

Question 28

Kenneth and mamie Philips clark

Answer 28

Their work was used in brown vs board of education and overturned segregation in schools

Question 29

Cognitive persepctive

Answer 29

School of thought that focuses on how people think, take in process store, retrieve information

Question 30

Biological perspective

Answer 30

School of thought that focuses on the psysicsl structures and substance underlying a particular behavior thought or motion

Question 31

Social cultural persoective

Answer 31

School of thought that focuses on how thinking or behavior changes in difference situations as a result of cultural influences

Question 32

Humanistic perspective

Answer 32

How healthy people strive to reach their full potential

Question 33

Psychodynamic perspectice

Answer 33

How behavior is affected by unconscious drives and conflicts

Question 34

Behavior genetics

Answer 34

is the school of through that focuses on how much our genes and our environment influence our individual differences

Question 35

Evolutionary psychology

Answer 35

Focuses on principles of natural selection to study the roots of behavior and mental processes

Question 36

Positive psychology

Answer 36

Study of optimal human functioning and factors that allow individuals and communities to thrive

Question 37

Confirmation bias

Answer 37

Tendency to search info to “proove I’m right”

Question 38

Participant bias

Answer 38

Tendency of research participants to behave in s certain way cuz they know they’re being watched and what watcher wants

Question 39

Naturalistic observstiom

Answer 39

Observing recording in naturally occurring situation no manipulating the situation

Question 40

Case study

Answer 40

Research technique which one person studied in depth to reveal universal principles

Question 41

Positive correlation

Answer 41

One value increase so does the other

Question 42

Negative correlation

Answer 42

One variable increases the other decreases

Question 43

Survey method

Answer 43

Research technique that questions a sample of people to collect info about their attitudes or behaviors

Question 44

Random sample

Answer 44

Each member of population has equal chance to being included

Question 45

Longitudinal study

Answer 45

Is a research technique that follows the same group of individuals over a long period

Question 46

Cross sectional

Answer 46

Compares individuals from different age groups and one time

Question 47

Experiment

Answer 47

Research method which researcher manipulates and controls certain variables to observe effects on other variables

Question 48

Operational definitions

Answer 48

Explanation of exact procedures used to make a variable specific and measureablefor research purposes

Question 49

Random assignment

Answer 49

Procedure for creating group allowing researcher to control for indepividusl differences among research participants

Question 50

Blind procedure

Answer 50

Participants don’t know outcome

Question 51

Double blind procedure

Answer 51

Data collectors and participants don’t know outcomes

Question 52

Informed consent

Answer 52

Participants must be informed about general nature of research and risk

Question 53

Right to necprotected from harm and discomfort

Answer 53

May be conducted under certain circumstances

Question 54

Right of confidentiality

Answer 54

Individual data about the research participants should never be discussed or released

Question 55

Right to debreifing

Answer 55

Participants have a right of recievimg a complete explanation of the research