DNA Flashcards
What does DNA do?
It stores the genetic information and controls cell activities. It contains the instructions for building all proteins with in an organism.
Where is DNA found in eukaryotes?
Within the nucleus as linear chromosomes
Where is DNA found in prokaryotes?
In the cytoplasm in the form of a circular chromosome and many small plasmids
What is the structure of DNA?
It is double stranded
What is the structure of RNA?
Single stranded
What are the complimentary base pairs of DNA?
Adenine-Thymine
Cytosine-Guanine
What are the complimentary base pairs of RNA?
Adenine-Uracil
Cytosine-Guanine
What is DNA made up of?
Nucleotides (deoxyribose sugar and phosphate) and nitrogenous bases
What is RNA?
A type of nucleic acid called ribonucleic acid
How is RNA different from DNA?
• RNA is single stranded whereas DNA is double stranded
• RNA has a sugar called ribose while DNA has deoxyribose
• RNA has the base uracil instead thymine
What are the two types of RNA?
Messenger RNA- mRNA
Transfer RNA - tRNA
What is mRNA involved in?
Transcription
What is tRNA involved in?
Translation
What is transcription?
mRNA carries the code for building a specific protein from the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
What is translation?
tRNA picks up specific amino acids from the cytoplasm and brings them into position in the surface of a ribosome where they can be joined together in specific order to make a specific protein.
