Hormones and homeostasis

Question 1

What is a hormone?

Answer 1

They are proteins that are released into the blood stream by glands and target specific cells in the body.

Question 2

What gland releases insulin?

Answer 2

Pancreas

Question 3

What is the function of insulin?

Answer 3

Causes liver and muscles to take up glucose and convert it to glycogen for storage.

Question 4

What gland releases ADH?

Answer 4

Pituitary gland

Question 5

What gland releases oestrogen?

Answer 5

Ovaries

Question 6

What gland releases progesterone?

Answer 6

Ovaries

Question 7

What is the function of ADH?

Answer 7

Reduces the amount of water lost in urine.

Question 8

What is the function of oestrogen?

Answer 8

Stimulates uterus lining to develop and the development of secondary female characteristics

Question 9

What is the function of progesterone?

Answer 9

Maintains uterus lining and controls the development of secondary female characteristics.

Question 10

What gland releases testosterone?

Answer 10

Testes

Question 11

What is the function of testosterone?

Answer 11

Stimulates development of male secondary sexual characteristics

Question 12

What gland releases adrenaline?

Answer 12

Adrenal gland

Question 13

What is the function of adrenaline?

Answer 13

Increases heart and breathing rate for fight, fright or flight.

Question 14

What gland releases FSH?

Answer 14

Pituitary gland

Question 15

What is the function of FSH?

Answer 15

Stimulates an egg to mature in the ovary

Question 16

What gland releases LH?

Answer 16

Pituitary gland

Question 17

What is the function of LH?

Answer 17

Stimulates the release of an egg from the ovary

Question 18

What is homeostasis?

Answer 18

The maintenance of a constant internal environment.

Question 19

Describe what happens in the body when there are high levels of glucose in the blood.

Answer 19

The pancreas produce insulin which enters the blood.
Insulin allows glucose to be absorbed by body cells.
Blood glucose is reduced.

Question 20

What happens when there are low (nomal) levels of glucose in the blood?

Answer 20

Insulin not produced by pancreas.
Less glucose absorbed by body cells.
Blood glucose remains the same.

Question 21

What are the main ways the body controls temperature?

Answer 21

sweating
shivering
controlling heat loss by controlling the amount of blood which flows near the surface of the skin

Question 22

How do the hairs on the skin effect the body temperature?

Answer 22

When the hairs stand on end they trap a layer of air which provides insulation to lose less heat. They lie flat to lose more heat.

Question 23

How does sweat affect the body temperature?

Answer 23

When the body is hot the body releases more sweat because it evaporates off the skin using heat energy so cools down the body.

Question 24

What is vasoconstriction?

Answer 24

When the arterioles supplying the capillaries near the surface of the skin get narrower. Less blood will flow through capillaries near the surface of the skin, therefore less heat will be lost by radiation.

Question 25

What is vasodilation?

Answer 25

When the arterioles near the surface of the skin get wider. More blood will flow through capillaries near the surface of the skin, therefore more heat will be lost by radiation.

Question 26

What part of the brain monitors body temperature?

Answer 26

The Hypothalamus