DNA

Question 1

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 2

What are the sub-units of DNA called?

Answer 2

Nucelotides

Question 3

What is each nucleotide made up of?

Answer 3

A sugar called deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base

Question 4

What is ribose?

Answer 4

A sugar, like glucose, but with only five
carbon atoms in its molecule

Question 5

What is deoxyribose?

Answer 5

Almost the same as ribose but lacks one
oxygen atom

Question 6

What are the organic bases of DNA?

Answer 6

Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G)

Question 7

What is a molecule of DNA formed by?

Answer 7

Millions of nucleotides joined together in a long chain

Question 8

DNA usually consists of a _______ strand of nucleotides?

Answer 8

Double

Question 9

The strands are held together between the bases by what kind of bond?

Answer 9

Chemical

Question 10

What are the pairs of bases?

Answer 10

1. Adenine and thymine
2. Cytosine and guanine

Question 11

The paired strands are coiled into a spiral called?

Answer 11

Double helix

Question 12

The helix makes one complete twist every ____ nucleotides?

Answer 12

10

Question 13

What is the length of a complete twist?

Answer 13

3.4 nanometers

Question 14

Who discovered the chemical structure of DNA?

Answer 14

Watson and Crick

Question 15

True or false, replication can occur at different sites within one DNA molecule at the same time?

Answer 15

True

Question 16

What are enzymes?

Answer 16

Proteins that perform a function

Question 17

What does DNA girase do?

Answer 17

Relaxes the DNA molecule

Question 18

What does DNA helicase do?

Answer 18

Attaches at the “origin of replication site”, then breaks the hydrogen bonds holding the strands together

Question 19

True or false, DNA replication occurs on both strands simutaneously, but the processes are slightly different?

Answer 19

True

Question 20

True or false, DNA strands are anit-parralel?

Answer 20

True

Question 21

What does RNA primase do?

Answer 21

Searches for a specific DNA target sequence that instructs the enzyme to attach, then adds a short 10-60 sequence of base pairs called an RNA primer

Question 22

What does DNA Polymerase III do?

Answer 22

Searches for and attaches at the RNA primer site. Then begins adding free, matching nucleotides to the original 3’ strand

Question 23

What does DNA Polymerase I do?

Answer 23

Moves in and replaces the RNA primer

Question 24

What does DNA ligase do?

Answer 24

Seals the gap

Question 25

Replication occurring on the 5’ strand is known as?

Answer 25

Lagging strand

Question 25

Newly added nucleotide sequences are called?

Answer 25

Okazaki fragments

Question 25

How many new identical copies of the original DNA strand are there in the end?

Answer 25

Two

Question 26

What type of bond forms between the deoxyribose sugar and the nitrogen base?

Answer 26

Gycosyl

Question 27

The carbons of a deoxyribose sugar are number 1' to 5'. Which carbon is attached to the nitrogen base?

Answer 27

1'

Question 28

In the ladder-like model of DNA, what do the steps/rungs consist of?

Answer 28

Nitrogen bases

Question 29

How many primers are required on the leading strand during DNA replication?

Answer 29

1

Question 30

DNA replication occurs in what direction?

Answer 30

5' to 3' direction only