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Biology 12 Exam > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

What are protein hormones?

A

Made up of amino acids, they function by attaching to the cell membranes of their target cells

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2
Q

What are steroid hormones?

A

Made up of lipids/cholesterol, are able to penetrate the cell membranes of their target cells. They attach directly to specific receptor sites inside the target cell

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3
Q

How do exocrine glands release their contents?

A

Through ducts

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4
Q

How do endocrine glands release their contents?

A

Through the bloodstream

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5
Q

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), growth hormone (GH), prolactin, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) are released from the?

A

Anterior pituitary

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6
Q

Oxytocin, anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) are released from the?

A

Posterior pituitary

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7
Q

What are the target cells of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)?

A

Ovary and testes

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8
Q

What is the function of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)?

A

Allows the ovarian follicles to mature. The ovarian follicles secrete estrogen. Within the testes, FSH allows the seminiferous tubules to mature

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9
Q

What are the target cells of luteinizing hormone (LH)?

A

Ovary and testes

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10
Q

What is the function of luteinizing hormone (LH)?

A

Production of estrogen and progesterone or testosterone

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11
Q

What are the target cells of prolactin?

A

Mammary glands

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12
Q

What is the function of prolactin?

A

Stimulates milk production in breast

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13
Q

What are the target cells of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)?

A

Thyroid gland

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14
Q

What is the function of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)?

A

Stimulates secretion of thyroid hormones

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15
Q

What are the target cells of growth hormone (GH)?

A

Body cells

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16
Q

What is the function of growth hormone (GH)?

A

Stimulates growth

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17
Q

What are the target cells of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?

A

Adrenal cortex

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18
Q

What is the function of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?

A

Stimulates glucocorticoid synthesis and secretion

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19
Q

What are the target cells of oxytocin?

A

Uterus

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20
Q

What is the function of oxytocin?

A

Directs the uterus to start contracting in preparation for childbirth, also stimulates the mammary glands to release milk

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21
Q

What are the target cells of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

A

Kidney

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22
Q

What is the function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

A

Allows the body to retain water

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23
Q

What are the target cells of thyroxine?

A

General

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24
Q

What is the function of thyroxine?

A

Stimulates metabolism, growth and development

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25
What is the function of calcitonin?
Prevents calcium loss therefore lowering blood calcium levels
25
What are the target cells of calcitonin?
Bone
26
What gland does thyroxine come from?
Thyroid gland
27
What gland does calcitonin come from?
Thyroid
28
What are the target cells of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
Bone, Kidney, Digestive Tract
29
What is the function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
Stimulates the release of calcium from the body’s bones which result in higher levels of calcium from the blood, also enhances absorption of calcium in the kidneys and digestive tract
30
What gland does the parathyroid hormone (PTH) come from?
Parathyroid gland
31
What are the target cells of melatonin?
Gonads, pigment cells
32
What is the function of melatonin?
Controls biorhythms, influences reproduction
33
What gland does melatonin come from?
Pineal gland
34
What are the target cells of corticoids (cortisol)?
General
35
What is the function of corticoids (cortisol)?
Brings about an increase in blood sugar in response to stress
36
What glands does corticoids (cortisol) come from?
Adrenal cortex
37
What are the target cells of epinephrine?
Blood vessels
38
What gland does epinephrine come from?
Adrenal medulla
38
What gland does norepinephrine come from?
Adrenal medulla
38
What is the function of epinephrine?
Constricts blood vessels, increases heart rate
38
What is the function of norepinephrine?
Increases oxygen supply to brain, releases energy stores
39
What are the target cells of norepinephrine?
Blood vessels, liver
40
What are the target cells of glucagon?
Liver, fatty tissue
41
What is the function of glucagon?
Converts glycogen to glucose; increases blood sugar
42
What gland does glucagon come from?
Pancreas
43
What are the target cells of insulin?
General
44
What is the function of insulin?
Decrease blood sugar
45
What gland does insulin come from?
Pancreas
46
What are the target cells of estrogen?
General, uterus
47
What is the function of estrogen?
Develop/maintain female sex characteristics; stimulate growth of uterine lining
48
What gland does estrogen come from?
Ovary
49
What are the target cells of progesterone?
Uterus
50
What is the function of progesterone?
Progesterone helps to maintain the lining of the uterus if pregnancy occurs. It also inhibits further ovulation
51
What gland does progesterone come from?
Ovary
52
What are the target cells of testosterone?
General, reproductive structures
53
What is the function of testosterone?
Develops/maintains male sex characteristics, promotes sperm formation
54
What gland does testosterone come from?
Testes
55
What are the target cells of thymosin?
Blood vessels
56
What is the function of thymosin?
Protection, immune system
57
What gland does thymosin come from?
Thymus
58
What gland controls the flight or fight response?
Adrenal gland
59
What is a negative feedback hormonal regulation and an example?
It maintains balance and brings things back to normal, example would be regulating blood sugar
60
What is a positive feedback hormonal regulation and an example?
It amplifies and it can get extreme, example would be childbirth

Biology 12 Exam (6 decks)

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