DNA

Question 1

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 1

Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid

Question 2

Where and what is our DNA inside?

Answer 2

• In nucleus
• coiled inside chromosomes

Question 3

True/False: DNA is a free floating bacteria that carries our genetic material?

Answer 3

True

Question 4

True/False: DNA is the instruction manual to make proteins?

Answer 4

True

Question 5

What is DNA’s monomers?

Answer 5

Necleatides

Question 6

What are the parts of a Necleatide?

Answer 6

Phosphate group, Deoxyribose(sugar), and nitrogenous base.

Question 7

What is Chargaff’s rule?

Answer 7

• He found complementary pairs
• Amount of A= Amount of T
• Amount of C= Amount of G

Question 8

Who won the Nobel prize for discovering the shape of DNA?

Answer 8

Watson & Crick

Question 9

Who took an X-ray diffraction image of DNA?

Answer 9

Rosalind Franklin

Question 10

Where does replication occur?

Answer 10

Nucleus

Question 11

What is the product of replication?

Answer 11

two identical strands(okazaki fragments)

Question 12

What are the 3 steps of Replication, in order?

Answer 12

1. enzymes unzip DNA(acts as template)
2. Nucleotide near new strand, bond w/new strand.
3. 2 new identical strands are formed.

Question 13

What helps with step #2 of replication?

Answer 13

helicase=break
polymerase=reads
Primase=directions
ligase=bonds

Question 14

What is semi conservative replication?

Answer 14

every new DNA strand has 1/2 of the original strand

Question 15

What does RNA stand for?

Answer 15

Ribose(sugar)
Nucleic
Acid

Question 16

What are the different types of RNA, and what do they do?

Answer 16

Messenger RNA: carries instructions to make proteins/ goes from nucleus to cytoplasm
Ribosomal DNA: helps make ribosomes/ inside ribosomes
Transfer RNA: carries amino acids to ribosomes, and matches them

Question 17

What is RNA made from?

Answer 17

DNA

Question 17

What are the steps of transcription?

Answer 17

1. RNA polymerase binds to promoter slowly unzipping the DNA
2. RNA polymerase moves along DNA templateaddiing complimentary RNA nucleotides to growing DNA
3. RNA polymerase reaches termination signal on DNA causing to detach from DNA

Question 18

what is transcription?

Answer 18

the process of making an RNA copy of a gene’s DNA sequence.

Question 19

What are introns/exons?

Answer 19

Introns; Cut and discarded from DNA
Exons: remaining process of mRNA and makes proteins

Question 20

where does transcription take place?

Answer 20

starts in nucleus and moves to cytoplasm

Question 21

what is translation?

Answer 21

• mRNA…Amino acids…proteins

Question 22

what is the goal of translation?

Answer 22

to make a protein

Question 23

what controls in translation?

Answer 23

Nucleic Acids

Question 24

What is the monomer of a protein?

Answer 24

Amino acids

Question 25

What are the functions of proteins?

Answer 25

Structural, transport, movement, defense, regulate.

Question 26

what are the steps of translation?

Answer 26

1. ribosomes assembles around mRNA. The first tRNA is attached at the start codon 2. ribosomes keep translating then brings right tRNA to corresponding Amino acids to form a growing polypeptide chain 3. ribosomes reaches stop codon, process stops, functional protein is formed

Question 27

where does translation take place?

Answer 27

cytoplasm

Question 28

what is a mutation?

Answer 28

change in a DNA sequence

Question 29

what is hemoglobin?

Answer 29

red blood cells that carry oxygen

Question 30

what are the types of mutations?

Answer 30

1. point mutation(substitution) 2. Frameshiift(insertions/deletion)

Question 31

what is a gene?

Answer 31

a section of DNA that codes for a specific protein

Question 32

what is genetic engineering?

Answer 32

cutting genes out of strands of DNA and reinserting it

Question 33

what is recombinant DNA?

Answer 33

DNA made by placing pieces of DNA from different DNA

Question 34

what is a transgenic organism?

Answer 34

plants/animals w/ recombinant DNA

Question 35

Eugenics?

Answer 35

selective procreation/misusing heredity

Question 36

cloning?

Answer 36

creating genetic identical cell

Question 37

Gelelectrophoresis?

Answer 37

used to sort DNA