DNA

Question 1

classification

Answer 1

placing objects in groups based on similar characteristics

Question 2

taxonomy

Answer 2

the science of classifying organisms

Question 3

species

Answer 3

a group of similar organisms that are capable of naturally interbreeding to create fertile offspring

Question 4

variation

Answer 4

difference between members of a species or population

Question 5

mutation

Answer 5

change in the amount or structure of DNA

Question 6

mutagens

Answer 6

agents that cause mutations

Question 7

evolution

Answer 7

the genetic changes in a species over time in response to the environment

Question 8

natural selection

Answer 8

The process by which those organisms with genetically controlled characteristics that allow them to be adapted to their environ will survive & reproduce to pass on their genes to following generations

Question 9

speciation

Answer 9

the production of new species as a result of evolution

Question 10

fossil

Answer 10

the remains of an organism that lived a long time ago

Question 11

species

Answer 11

a group of similar organisms that can interbreed naturally to produce fertile offspring

Question 12

Heredity

Answer 12

the passing on of features from parents to offspring by means of genes

Question 13

Gene

Answer 13

Section of DNA that causes the production of a protein

Question 14

gene expression

Answer 14

the way in which the information is decoded in the cell and used to make a protein

Question 15

characteristics

Answer 15

traits/ features that are inherited genetically

Question 16

coding dna

Answer 16

parts of dna that contain info to make rna or a protein

Question 17

exons

Answer 17

coding dna sequences

Question 18

non coding dna

Answer 18

dna that does not cause the production of a protein

Question 19

Dna

Answer 19

double helix of two complimentary polynucleotide strands

Question 20

DNA

Answer 20

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 21

nucleotide

Answer 21

basic unit that makes up DNA

Question 22

Genetic code

Answer 22

sequence of bases in DNA that provide the instruction for a cell ( using rna) to make protein

Question 23

triplet or codon

Answer 23

a sequence of 3 bases that code for particular amino acids

Question 24

DNA replication

Answer 24

the process by which single stranded chromosomes produce exact copies of themselves to become double stranded

Question 25

DNA profiling

Answer 25

A method of making a unique pattern of bands from the DNA of a person which can then be used to distinguish DNA from other DNA

Question 26

Genetic screening

Answer 26

testing DNA for the presence of a particular or altered gene

Question 27

Genetic engineering

Answer 27

artificial manipulation/ alteration of genes

Question 28

process of genetic engineering

Answer 28

Isolation; removal of target gene Cutting; restriction enzymes Litigation; join target DNA to plasmid DNA Transformation; uptake of foreign DNA into cell Cloning; identical copies of the cell Expression; product

Question 29

Genetics

Answer 29

study of inheritance

Question 30

Somatic cells

Answer 30

cells in the body which are not sex cells

Question 31

Gametes

Answer 31

haploid sex cells that are capable of fusion

Question 32

Fertilisation

Answer 32

union of two gametes to form a single cell zygote

Question 33

Alleles

Answer 33

different forms of the same genes

Question 34

Locus

Answer 34

the position of a gene on the chromosome

Question 35

Dominant Allele

Answer 35

prevents the recessive allele from being expressed

Question 36

Recessive Allele

Answer 36

prevented from being expressed by dominant allele

Question 37

Genotype

Answer 37

Genetic make up of an organism ie. genes present

Question 38

Phenotype

Answer 38

the physical expression of a genotype

Question 39

Progeny

Answer 39

offspring that are produced f1 first gen f2 second gen

Question 40

Homozygous

Answer 40

identical alleles

Question 41

Heterozygous

Answer 41

different alleles

Question 42

Incomplete dominance

Answer 42

neither allele is dominant or recessive; both alleles equally expressed

Question 43

Pedigree

Answer 43

genetic history of a group of related organisms

Question 44

Law of segregation

Answer 44

Inherited characteristics are controlled by alleles; separate at gamete formation w/ one pair in each gamete

Question 45

monohybrid cross

Answer 45

study of a single characteristic eg Bb

Question 46

dihybrid

Answer 46

study of two characteristics eg bbyy

Question 47

Law of independent assortment

Answer 47

when gametes are formed, either pair of alleles is equally likely to combine with another pair of alleles(in nearly all cases)

Question 48

Linkage

Answer 48

Genes located on the same chromosome

Question 49

Sex linkage

Answer 49

characteristics controlled by a gene on a sex chromosome

Question 50

RNA

Answer 50

ribonucleic acid