DNA Flashcards
(14 cards)
What do nucleotides consist of?
Phosphate, nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine) , pentose sugar
What is the DNA structure called?
double helix (made up of nucleotides)
What are the complementary base pairings?
adenine and thymine, guanine and cytosine
Where is DNA located?
in a chromosome in the nucleus
What is a chromosome?
a thread-like structure made of DNA and proteins.
Do chromosomes carry genetic information?
yes, in the form of genes
How many chromosomes do humans have?
46, 23 pairs
What is a gamete and how many chromosomes in them?
a sex cell, 23
What is a homologous pair?
matching pairs of chromosomes, one from mum (maternal), one from dad (paternal)
What are karotypes?
a picture of all the chromosomes in a cell from smallest to biggest
Whats the relationship between genes, DNA, chromosomes?
chromosomes are made up of DNA and genes are the segments of DNA in the chromosomes
What is a gene?
is a sequence of DNA that codes for a trait
What is cell division?
a process when a parents cell splits into two daughter cells
What is the difference between somatic cell and gametes?
Somatic cells are made through mitosis and are genetically identical to the original cell. Gametes are sex cells made through meiosis
