Mutation

Question 1

What is a mutation?

Answer 1

a change in the DNA sequence of gene or chromosome, some can effect entire chromosomes, it can happen in a single base or across large section of DNA

Question 2

What is a chromosomal mutation?

Answer 2

chromosomal mutations are large-scale changes to whole sections or even entire chromosomes. they can affect many genes at once having a significant impact on the organism

Question 3

What is a gene mutation?

Answer 3

Is a change in the specific DNA sequence of a single gene

Question 4

How can mutations occur?

Answer 4

mutations can occur spontaneously or environmental factors (mutagens).

Question 5

How can mutagens occur?

Answer 5

factors that increase the rate of mutagens can occur through physical, chemical or biological impacts. some examples include x-rays, sunlight (UV), processed foods, chemicals (cleaning products/makeup), tobacco (smoking), viruses (HPV) and bacteria (helicobacter).

Question 6

Difference between gene mutation and chromosomal mutation.

Answer 6

gene mutation is small change in the specific DNA code of a single gene, chromosomal mutation is a larger change effecting the whole section of chromosome or number of chromosome

Question 7

What is somatic mutation?

Answer 7

Somatic mutation only effects one individual that occur through body cells (for example mutations cause by UV exposure). these are from somatic cells (non-sex)

Question 8

What is germline mutations?

Answer 8

Germline mutations are hereditary and they get passed through offspring through the sperm and egg cell (for example mutations causing cystic fibrosis). these are from gamete cells (sex)

Question 9

What are genetic conditions caused by mutation?

Answer 9

cystic fibrosis, colour blindness, down syndrome