DNA [9]

Question 1

DNA nucleotide structure

Answer 1

Phosphate group
Deoxyribose (sugar)
Nitrogenous base (ATGC)

Question 2

Nitrogen bases in DNA and complementary bases

Answer 2

Adenine (A) with Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C) with Guanine (G)

(weak hydrogen bonds)

Question 3

Dimensions of DNA molecule in a human cell

Answer 3

2-3 m long, two-millionths of a mm

Question 3

Chromatin

Answer 3

Tangled network of a DNA strand wrapped around histones (groups of 8 proteins)

Question 4

Chromosomes

Answer 4

Formed during cell division, chromatin becomes even more tightly coiled

46 per human cell

Question 5

Gene

Answer 5

Sections of DNA that code for a particular protein (during protein synthesis)

Question 6

Structure of Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)

Answer 6

Small circular molecule not bound to proteins

37 genes for function of mitochondria

5-10 per mitochondria

Question 7

Helicase

Answer 7

Enzyme that separates DNA double helix during DNA replication

Question 8

How does DNA replication work

Answer 8

Helicase splits DNA molecule, possible due to weak Hydrogen bonds

Each strand contains half of the base pairings

Each base can only bond to its complementary one, so the new strands that forms must be identical to original form

Question 9

DNA Polymerase

Answer 9

Adds new nucleotides to the new strand during DNA replication

Question 10

DNA Ligase

Answer 10

Joins short sections of DNA together during DNA replication

Question 11

Differences of RNA to DNA

Answer 11

Ribose sugar (1 more oxygen atom)

Single stranded

Uracil instead of thymine

Can fold onto itself, forming H bonds between complementary bases