DNA and Chromosome structure Flashcards
How many strands is DNA made of?
2 complementary strands
What is the backbone of the ladder made of?
It is made of alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate groups
What are the name of the 4 bases in DNA
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine
what does Adenine always pair with?
Thymine!
what does Guanine always pair with?
Cytosine!
What do these bases connect with?
By hydrogen bonds (completing the ‘rung’)
What is DNA found in?
structures called chromosomes
What shape is eukaryotic DNA?
linear!
what are histones?
proteins!
Where are the chromosomes found in Eukaryotic cells?
the chromosomes are found in the nucleus of the cell
What type of chromosomes do prokaryotes have?
they have A SINGLE circular chromosome which floats freely in the cytoplasm
do prokaryotes (bacteria) have proteins attached?
No!
What does the mitochondria and chloroplasts in prokaryotes have?
their own DNA that resembles prokaryotic DNA
what is Genetic Code?
the full amount of DNA carried in the chromosomes
What does DNA contain?
all instructions for how the cell functions!
