little bit of everything Flashcards
what are introns and exons, and what is their role in protein synthesis
An intron refers to non-coding sequences found in DNA or RNA.
Exons refer to the coding portions of DNA or RNA
what is transcription and translation
transcription converts DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA).
Translation then decodes mRNA into amino acids, forming proteins essential for life functions.
what are enzymes?
Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions.
induced fit theory?
model proposing that the binding of a substrate or some other molecule to an enzyme causes a change in the shape of the enzyme so as to enhance or inhibit its activity.
what is epiginetics ?
the study of changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression rather than alteration of the genetic code itself.
what is the best example for epigenetics
One example of an epigenetic change is DNA methylation — the addition of a methyl group, or a “chemical cap,” to part of the DNA molecule, which prevents certain genes from being expressed.
with epigenetics how does this affect transcription
Epigenetic changes can switch genes on or off and determine which proteins are transcribed.
whats the difference between somatic and germ cell in mutations
Germline mutations are changes to your DNA that you inherit from the egg and sperm cells during conception.
Somatic mutations are changes to your DNA that happen after conception to cells other than the egg and sperm
why do we insert a gene into the zygote and not an adult cell?
because the zygote carries genetic information
What is PCR
(Polymerase chain reaction) is a laboratory technique for rapidly producing (amplifying) millions to billions of copies of a specific segment of DNA,
what is the role of heat resistant polymerase
prevents the denaturation of the enzyme during the heating step that is necessary to separate the newly synthesized strand
what is electrophoresis
Electrophoresis is a laboratory technique used to separate DNA, RNA, or protein molecules based on their size and electrical charge.
regarding bio tech, describe one method to isolate a gene of interest
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is now one of the most commonly used assays for obtaining a particular segment of DNA or RNA.
why we use CRISPR
CRISPR genome editing allows scientists to quickly create cell and animal models
what is the process of CRISPR and what’s it used for
researchers can use to accelerate research into diseases such as cancer and mental illness
