DNA and Heredity

Question 1

adenine

Answer 1

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA

Question 2

amino acid

Answer 2

molecules that combine to form proteins

Question 3

anticodon

Answer 3

a triplet of nucleotide bases in transfer RNA that identifies the amino acid carried

Question 4

cell types

Answer 4

the basic functional units of an organism

Question 5

cell differentiation

Answer 5

the process in which cells from the same source gradually produce cell groups with different morphological structures and functional characteristics

Question 6

chromosome

Answer 6

A structure found inside the nucleus of a cell

Question 7

codon

Answer 7

a sequence of three nucleotide bases/letters in a DNA or RNA strand, that is a part of the genetic code

Question 8

cytoplasm

Answer 8

The fluid inside a cell but outside the cell’s nucleus

Question 9

cytosine

Answer 9

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA

Question 10

deoxyribose

Answer 10

a pentose sugar important in the formation of DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 11

DNA

Answer 11

a molecule that contains the genetic code that is unique to every individual

Question 12

double helix

Answer 12

the arrangement in space of DNA that resembles a spirally twisted ladder with the sides made up of the sugar and phosphate units

Question 13

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 13

a network of membranes inside a cell through which proteins and other molecules move.

Question 14

enzyme

Answer 14

proteins that help speed up metabolism, or the chemical reactions in our bodies

Question 15

gene

Answer 15

The basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child

Question 16

Golgi apparatus

Answer 16

A stack of small flat sacs formed by membranes inside the cell’s cytoplasm

Question 17

guanine

Answer 17

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA

Question 18

hydrogen bond

Answer 18

an attraction between two atoms that already participate in other chemical bonds

Question 19

mRNA

Answer 19

A type of RNA found in cells

Question 20

mutation

Answer 20

Any change in the DNA sequence of a cell.

Question 21

nitrogenous base

Answer 21

a molecule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical properties of a base

Question 22

nuclear membrane

Answer 22

a double layer that encloses the cell’s nucleus, where the chromosomes reside

Question 23

nucleic acid

Answer 23

large biomolecules that play essential roles in all cells and viruses

Question 24

nucleotide

Answer 24

the basic building block of nucleic acids (RNA and DNA).

Question 25

nucleus

Answer 25

the structure in a cell that contains the chromosomes

Question 26

peptide bond

Answer 26

a covalent bond that links amino acids together to form a protein

Question 27

phosphate group

Answer 27

A functional group characterized by a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms

Question 28

polypeptides

Answer 28

a chain of amino acids

Question 29

protein synthesis

Answer 29

the process in which cells make proteins.

Question 30

ribose

Answer 30

a sugar that has five carbon atoms and five oxygen atoms in each molecule and is part of RNA

Question 31

ribosome

Answer 31

the cellular machinery responsible for making proteins

Question 32

RNA

Answer 32

a molecule that is present in the majority of living organisms and viruses.

Question 33

rRNA

Answer 33

ribosomal RNA (rRNA), molecule in cells that forms part of the protein-synthesizing organelle known as a ribosome

Question 34

start codon

Answer 34

the first base in the 5′-flanking region of a gene where the process of transcription begins, initiating the translation of genetic information into proteins

Question 35

stop codon

Answer 35

a codon (nucleotide triplet within messenger RNA) that signals the termination of the translation process of the current protein.

Question 36

thymine

Answer 36

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA

Question 37

transcription

Answer 37

the process of making an RNA copy of a gene's DNA sequence

Question 38

translation

Answer 38

a rendering from one language into another

Question 39

tRNA

Answer 39

a small RNA molecule that functions as an adapter in protein synthesis by carrying specific amino acids to the ribosome

Question 40

uracil

Answer 40

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of RNA.

Question 41

vesicle

Answer 41

A small sac formed by a membrane and filled with liquid