Unit 4 list 1

Question 1

amino acid sequencing

Answer 1

the process of identifying the arrangement of amino acids in proteins and peptides

Question 2

analogous structure

Answer 2

features of different species that are similar in function but not necessarily in structure and which do not derive from a common ancestral feature

Question 3

anatomy

Answer 3

The study of the structure of a plant or animal

Question 4

biochemical evidence

Answer 4

the use of molecular biology techniques to study the chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms, providing crucial insights into evolutionary relationships

Question 5

biogeography

Answer 5

the study of the distribution of plants, animals, and other types of life

Question 6

cladogram

Answer 6

a diagram that shows relationships between species

Question 7

common ancestry

Answer 7

the ancestor of two or more species in the later period

Question 8

descent with modification

Answer 8

passing traits from parent to offspring

Question 9

DNA sequencing

Answer 9

the general laboratory technique for determining the exact sequence of nucleotides, or bases, in a DNA molecule

Question 10

electrophoresis

Answer 10

a laboratory technique used to separate DNA, RNA or protein molecules based on their size and electrical charge

Question 11

embryo

Answer 11

the early developmental stage of an animal while it is in the egg or within the uterus of the mother

Question 12

embryology

Answer 12

the study of development of an embryo from the stage of ovum fertilization through to the fetal stage.

Question 13

evolutionary tree

Answer 13

a diagram that represents evolutionary relationships among organisms

Question 14

fossil record

Answer 14

a collection of fossils documenting the history of life on Earth

Question 15

homologous structure

Answer 15

similar physical features in organisms that share a common ancestor, but the features serve completely different functions

Question 16

homology

Answer 16

similarity of the structure, physiology, or development of different species of organisms based upon their descent from a common evolutionary ancestor

Question 17

paleontology

Answer 17

the study of the history of life on Earth as based on fossils

Question 18

phenotypic similarity

Answer 18

a measure of functional redundancy within homologous gene families

Question 19

phylogeny

Answer 19

the representation of the evolutionary history and relationships between groups of organisms

Question 20

phylogenetic tree

Answer 20

a diagram that represents evolutionary relationships among organisms

Question 21

vestigial structures

Answer 21

a body part that is reduced or impaired from its ancestral condition, and no longer has a function within a species

Question 22

sedimentary layers

Answer 22

formed from pre-existing rocks or pieces of once-living organisms

Question 23

adaptation

Answer 23

the act of changing something or changing your behavior to make it suitable for a new purpose or situation

Question 24

behavior

Answer 24

anything that an organism does involving action and response to stimulation

Question 25

competition

Answer 25

the act or process of trying to get or win something (such as a prize or a higher level of success) that someone else is also trying to get or win

Question 26

fitness

Answer 26

the ability to carry out daily tasks without undue fatigue

Question 27

gene pool

Answer 27

the combination of all the genes (including alleles) present in a reproducing population or species

Question 28

genetic variation

Answer 28

a term used to describe the variation in the DNA sequence in each of our genomes

Question 29

geographic isolation

Answer 29

he physical separation of populations of organisms from one another due to geographical barriers

Question 30

morphology

Answer 30

the study of the internal structure of words

Question 31

Natural selection

Answer 31

The process through which populations of living organisms adapt, and change

Question 32

Phenotypic expression

Answer 32

The observable characteristics in an organism that result from the expression of jeans

Question 33

Physiology

Answer 33

The study of how the human body works

Question 34

Population

Answer 34

The whole number of people or inhabitants in the country or region

Question 35

Reproductive isolation

Answer 35

A breakdown in the ability to reproduce sexual partners of another type of organism

Question 36

Sexual selection

Answer 36

The process by which individuals compete horse access to mates in fertilization opportunities

Question 37

Speciation

Answer 37

How a new kind of plant or animal species is created

Question 38

Species

Answer 38

A group of organisms that can reproduce with one another in nature and produce fertile offsprings

Question 39

Trait

Answer 39

A specific characteristic of an individual