unit 3 list 2 DNA and Heredity

Question 1

allele

Answer 1

One of two or more versions of a genetic sequence at a particular region on a chromosome

Question 2

centromere

Answer 2

The region of the chromosome to which the spindle fiber is attached during cell division

Question 3

chromatid

Answer 3

one of the two identical halves of a chromosome that has been replicated in preparation for cell division

Question 4

chromosome

Answer 4

A structure found inside the nucleus of a cell

Question 5

codon

Answer 5

a sequence of three nucleotide bases/letters in a DNA or RNA strand, that is a part of the genetic code.

Question 6

crossing over

Answer 6

a cellular process that happens during meiosis when chromosomes of the same type are lined up

Question 7

daughter cell

Answer 7

the cells that are formed after cell division

Question 8

deletion

Answer 8

the process of erasing or removing something

Question 9

diploid

Answer 9

the presence of two complete sets of chromosomes in an organism’s cells, with each parent contributing a chromosome to each pair

Question 10

DNA

Answer 10

a molecule that contains the genetic code that is unique to every individual

Question 11

fertilization

Answer 11

The process of combining the male gamete, or sperm, with the female gamete, or ovum

Question 12

frameshift

Answer 12

the insertion or deletion of nucleotide bases in numbers that are not multiples of three

Question 13

gamete

Answer 13

a reproductive cell of an animal or plant.

Question 14

gene

Answer 14

The basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child

Question 15

gene mutation

Answer 15

a change to a gene’s DNA sequence to produce something different

Question 16

genetic code

Answer 16

the instructions contained in a gene that tell a cell how to make a specific protein

Question 17

genetic variation

Answer 17

the difference in DNA sequences between individuals within a population

Question 18

haploid

Answer 18

the presence of a single set of chromosomes in an organism’s cells

Question 19

homologous chromosome

Answer 19

pairs of chromosomes in a diploid organism that have similar genes, although not necessarily identical.

Question 20

independent assortment

Answer 20

pairs of chromosomes in a diploid organism that have similar genes, although not necessarily identical

Question 21

insertion

Answer 21

A type of genetic change that involves the addition of a segment of DNA

Question 22

meiosis

Answer 22

a type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes

Question 23

meiosis I

Answer 23

a process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the original amount of genetic information

Question 24

meiosis II

Answer 24

the second division in meiosis in which chromatids of each chromosome are segregated equally into daughter cells

Question 25

monosomy

Answer 25

the condition in which only one chromosome from a pair is present in cells rather than the two copies usually found in diploid cells

Question 26

mutagena

Answer 26

a chemical or physical agent capable of inducing changes in DNA called mutations

Question 27

mutation

Answer 27

a change in the DNA sequence of an organism

Question 28

nondisjunction

Answer 28

the failure of the chromosomes to separate, which produces daughter cells with abnormal numbers of chromosome

Question 29

offspring

Answer 29

children or young of a particular parent or progenitor

Question 30

parent cell

Answer 30

A cell that is the source of other cells

Question 31

point mutation

Answer 31

change within a gene in which one base pair in the DNA sequence is altered.

Question 32

replication

Answer 32

copy, reproduction

Question 33

sexual reproduction

Answer 33

the production of new organisms by the combination of genetic information of two individuals of different sexes

Question 34

somatic cell

Answer 34

any type cell in the body other than cells involved in reproduction

Question 35

substitution

Answer 35

the act, process, or result of substituting one thing for another

Question 36

trisomy

Answer 36

The presence of an extra chromosome in some or all of the body's cells

Question 37

trait

Answer 37

a particular characteristic, quality, or tendency that someone or something has