DNA and Protein Synthesis Flashcards
(14 cards)
What is DNA
Genetic material in the nucleus of a cell made of a chemical
(Deribo-Nucleic Acid)
Where is DNA stored?
In chromosomes
What is a gene?
A small section of DNA on a chromosome which can code for a specific sequence of amino acids to make a specific protein
What is a genome?
It’s entire genetic material
How can the now fully studied genome be used in future?
-to find genes linked to disorders
-to help scientists understand causes of inherited diseases
-to investigate how ancient populations have changed or migrated over time
What is in DNA (structurally)
-A Sugar
-A phosphate
-one of four bases
What are the 4 Bases in DNA
-A
-G
-C
-T
How do the bases hold together?
In a double helix, matching to their corresponding base (A to T and C to G)
How many bases code for a single amino acid?
3
What does the order of the bases code for?
The order of amino acids which can affect what kind of protein is made and for what
What do proteins code for?
-Enzymes
-Hormones
-structural proteins (e.g collagen)
What is a mutation?
A change in DNA structure
What could happen if any DNA bases are changed?
The protein made will be different and could lead to deformations of enzyme substrates or weak structural proteins
Does all DNA code for proteins?
No, non coding parts of DNA can be switched on or off so not to make specific proteins. Mutations in these parts of DNA affect how genes are expressed
