DNA nucleic acid

Question 1

3 models of dna replication

Answer 1

conservative model
semi conservative replication
fragmentary replication

Question 2

semi conservative

Answer 2

each dna molecule contains one original print strand and one new strand half dna kept in tact

Question 3

conservative model

Answer 3

one dna molecule has two original parent dna strands the other molecules has two new strands

Question 4

fragmentary replication

Answer 4

all dna strands are made up of a mixture of original parent dna nucleotides and new nucleotides

Question 5

meselson -stahl experiment

Answer 5

1)bacteria incorporate elements from their environment to make their dna
2)if they are grown in n15 their dna will be more dense
3)if they are grown in n14 their dna will be less dense
4)if the dna from bacteria is extracted and centrifuged the dna moved down the test tube according to its density .

do not want n14 and n 15 to mix

Question 6

meselson -stahl

Answer 6

1)bacteria were originally grown in n 15 medium
2)making their dna more dense
3)they were then transferred to n14 media
4)any new dna replication would use lighter nucleotides

Question 7

results of meselson -stahl

Answer 7

-only semi-conservative replication
-where replication produced dna molecules made of one original and one newly synthesis strand
-could explain the observed results in the first and second replicationmeseslo

Question 8

what happens in semi conservative

Answer 8

1) dna helices hydrolyses dna molecule and breaks down hydrogen bonds in the nucleotides aka unwinds the dna
2)two strands are operated
dna polymerase joins the dna nucleotides together and forms a polymer of dna
3) 3 nucleotides pair up and dna polyemrsae joins via condensation reaction forming phosphodiester bonds
4)occurs along whole dna molecule producing two new dna molecules
5)each one original strand and one new strand

Question 9

ATP

Answer 9

Universal currency for energy
usable amount of energy for biological rpocessesn

Question 10

metbloci processes

Answer 10

provides the enrgy to build macromolecules from their basic units

Question 11

movement

Answer 11

provides the energy to change the shape of carrier protein in plasma membrna es so that molecules can be transported against their conc gradient

Question 12

secretion

Answer 12

used to form lysosome

Question 13

atp

Answer 13

-universal currency for energy
-usable energy for biological processes

Question 14

glucose how many atp

Answer 14

30

Question 15

what can tap be used for

Answer 15

metabolic processes
movement
secretion
active transport
activation of molecules

Question 16

metabolic processes

Answer 16

provides the energy to build macromolecules from their basic units

Question 17

movement

Answer 17

provides the energy for muscle contraction energy is needed for the filaments to slide over each other

Question 18

active transport

Answer 18

provides the energy to change the shape of carrier proteins in the plasma membrane so that molecules can be transported against their concentration gradient

Question 19

secretion

Answer 19

used to form lysosomes
an enzyme inside cells to degrade molecules

Question 20

activation of molecules

Answer 20

the inorganic phosphate released can phosphorylate other compounds lowering the activation energy

Question 21

Pi

Answer 21

inorganic phhophate- doesn’t contain carbon

Question 22

hydrolysis of atp

Answer 22

ATP+water-> ADP +Pi+energy
exogonic reaction- release of all energy rather than just heat energy

happens immediately whenever energy is needed

Question 23

what is hydrolysis

Answer 23

the break down using a water molecule

Question 24

synthesis of atp

Answer 24

ADP+Pi -> atp+water
atp synthase is the enzyme responsible for this
endogenic reaction