DNA Replication

Question 1

Mitosis

Answer 1

division of genetic material into two daughter cells with identical sets of chromosomes

Question 2

Cytokinesis

Answer 2

division of cytoplasm and organelles into two identical cells

Question 3

Replication Origin

Answer 3

special site where proteins bind

Question 4

Single Stranded Binding Proteins

Answer 4

used to keep the 2 DNA strands apart

Question 5

DNA Gyrase

Answer 5

relieves tension by cutting both strands of DNA and are found in prokaryotic cells

Question 6

Replication Fork

Answer 6

as the strands separate, a replication fork is created

Question 7

Replication Bubble

Answer 7

when two replication forks are near each other, a replication bubble forms

Question 8

DNA Polymerase III

Answer 8

• enzyme that builds up the complementary strand using the template strand a guide.
• makes DNA in the 5’ to 3’ direction and therefore adds deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates to a 3’ end of existing DNA strand.

Question 9

RNA Primer

Answer 9

section of 10-60 base pairs of RNA hydrogen bonds to the beginning section of DNA to be copied

Question 10

Primase

Answer 10

lays down the RNA primer to be recognized by DNA polymerase

Question 11

Leading Strand

Answer 11

this strand uses the 3’ end of the template as its guide and is built towards the replicating fork

Question 12

Lagging Strand

Answer 12

strand that uses the 5’ end as its template and is built in fragments

Question 13

Okazaki Fragments

Answer 13

small fragments of DNA built from the lagging strand of DNA

Question 14

DNA Polymerase I

Answer 14

removes the RNA primers and replaces them with DNA nucleotides

Question 15

DNA Ligase

Answer 15

joins the Okazaki fragments into 1 strand by creating a phosphodiester bond

Question 16

Exonucleases

Answer 16

enzymes that cut out mistakes and act as proof read new strand

Question 17

DNA

Answer 17

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

-double stranded polymer of nucleotides that carries genetic info

Question 18

Pyrimidines

Answer 18

• single ring structure

- cytosine and thymine

Question 19

Purines

Answer 19

• double ring structure

- adenine and guanine

Question 20

Semiconservative

Answer 20

process of replication in which each DNA molecule is composed of one parent strand and one newly synthesized strand

Question 21

DNA helicase

Answer 21

the enzyme that unwinds double-helical DNA by disrupting hydrogen bonds

Question 22

Silent mutation

Answer 22

a mutation that does not result in a change in the amino acid coded for and, therefore, does not cause any phenotypic change

Question 23

Frameshift mutation

Answer 23

a mutation that causes the reading frame of codons to change, usually resulting in different amino acids being incorporated into the polypeptide

Question 24

Anti-parallel

Answer 24

describes two adjacent nucleotides running in opposite directions relative to one another