Dna Structure Flashcards
(13 cards)
What is DNA made of?
- Deoxyribose sugar
- phosphate group
- nitrogenous base (ATCG)
What type of bonds are present in DNA
- Phosphate group to deoxyribose sugar = phosphodiester bonds (forms sugar-phosphate backbone)
- Nitrogenous base to deoxyribose sugar = glycosidic bonds
What base pairs bind to ATCG
A - T (Apple Tree)
C - G (Car Garage)
What bonds hold base pairs and how many are present
Hydrogen bonds form between base pairs
A-T = 2 bonds
C-G = 3 bonds
What is the Erwin Chargaff rule?
The number of A bases = the number of T bases, and the number of C bases = the number of G bases
How does each strand run in relationship to each other
They are anti parallel, which means they run are parallel but in opposite directions.
What does prime mean and what primes does dna start and end at
Prime refers to the carbon atom in the deoxyribose sugar. The 5′ carbon is where the phosphate group attaches. The 3′ carbon has a hydroxyl group (-OH) that links to the next nucleotide.
What does Histone mean
An structural protein
What does nucleosome mean
One section of DNA wrapped around Histone (structural portion)
What does chromatin mean
Entire DNA segment wrapped around Histone, loose and coiled packaging
What is a Chromatid
When DNA is duplicated we call it chromatids
Centromere
An structure that holds the two chromatids together
Chromosome
Tightly packed chromatins
