DNA structure, Analysis and sequence Organization

Question 1

For a molecule to serve as the genetic material, it must possess four major characteristics:

Answer 1

replication, storage of information, expression of information, and varia
tion by mutation

Question 2

1944, Observations Favored ___________ as the Genetic Material

Answer 2

Protein

Question 3

• 1868-Swiss chemist, Friedrich Miescher isolated cell nuclei and derived an acid substance containing DNA that he called ____________

Answer 3

nuclein

Question 4

• 1910- Phoebus A. Levene observed that DNA contained approximately equal amounts of four similar molecules called ______- the ________ hypothesis

Answer 4

nucleotides

tetranucleotide

Question 5

_________ as the Genetic Material Was First Obtained during the Study of Bacteria and Bacteriophages

Answer 5

DNA

Question 6

• 1940s - __________ showed that Levene’s proposal was incorrect when he demonstrated that most organisms do not contain precisely equal proportions of the four nucleotides

Answer 6

Erwin Chargaff

Question 7

1944- Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty’s -publication on the chemical nature of a _______________ in bacteria was the initial event that led to the acceptance of DNA as the genetic material

Answer 7

“transforming principle”

Question 8

How did they know that it was the DNA and not the protein?

Answer 8

“transforming principle” experiment

Question 9

Summary of Avery, Macleod, and McCarty’s experiment demonstrating that DNA is the transforming principle.

Answer 9

avirulent IIR cells into virulent IIIS cells.

IIIS infected cells are treated with protease, then ribonclease, then deoxyribonuclease

Transformation
occured as llR and IIS cells still proliferated in the samples without the deoxyribonuclease

Discovered that DNA is the transforming principle, as DNA only had llR cells

Question 10

Discovery of the _______ Launched the
Era of Molecular Genetics

Answer 10

Double Helix

Question 11

discovered that DNA is a long, ladder-like macromolecule that twists to form a double helix

Answer 11

1953- James Watson and Francis Crick

Question 12

• Each linear strand of the helix is made up of subunits called

Answer 12

nucleotides

Question 13

Transcription of DNA to RNA to protein:

the backbone of molecular biology represented by four major stages.

Answer 13

Central dogma

replication
transcription
translation

Question 14

• In DNA, there are four different nucleotides, each of which contains a nitrogenous base, abbreviated as

Answer 14

A (adenine), G (guanine), T (thymine) or C (cytosine)

Question 15

DNA replicated its information in a process that involves many enzymes:

Answer 15

replication

Question 16

Nucleotide linkage in DNA and RNA is achieved through

Answer 16

3’-5’ phosphodiester bond