DNA viruses Flashcards by pattie o.

Smallest DNA - Naked Icosahedral SS; causes 5th disease, Aplastic anemia, Hydrops fetalis, Erythema infectiosum

Parvovirus B19 (Parvoviridae)

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Parvoviridae Human bocavirus causes respiratory infections

Human bocavirus

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Naked Icosahedral DS, circular, causes Warts, Cervical cancer

Human papillomavirus (HPV) (Papillomaviridae)

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Naked Icosahedral DS, circular, causes PML

JC virus (Polyomaviridae)

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Naked Icosahedral DS, circular, causes Hemorrhagic cystitis

BK virus (Polyomaviridae)

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Naked Icosahedral DS, circular, causes Merkel cell carcinoma

Merkel cell polyomavirus (Polyomaviridae)

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Naked Icosahedral DS, circular, causes Trichodysplasia spinulosa

Trichodysplasia spinulosa polyomavirus (Polyomaviridae)

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Enveloped Pleomorphic DS, incomplete circular; Serum or Long-incubation Hepatitis

Hepatitis B virus (Hepadnaviridae)

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Naked Icosahedral DS; causes Conjunctivitis, Gastroenteritis, Respiratory infection

Adenovirus (Adenoviridae)

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Enveloped Icosahedral DS, common congenital infection, cold sores

Herpes simplex virus 1 (Herpesviridae)

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Enveloped Icosahedral DS, causes Genital warts

Herpes simplex virus 2 (Herpesviridae)

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Enveloped Icosahedral DS, causes chicken pox, shingles

Varicella-Zoster virus (Herpesviridae)

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Enveloped Icosahedral DS, causes Fever, Pneumonia, Gastritis

Cytomegalovirus (Herpesviridae)

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Enveloped Icosahedral DS, causes Fever, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly

Epstein-Barr virus (Herpesviridae)

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Enveloped Icosahedral DS, causes 6th disease, Exanthema subitum, Roseola infantum, Kaposi sarcoma

HHV-6, HHV-7, HHV-8 (KSHV) (Herpesviridae)

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Enveloped, Brick shaped (Complex) DS, causes Smallpox

Variola virus (Poxviridae)

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Enveloped, Brick shaped (Complex) DS, causes Pox-like, Keratitis

Vaccinia virus (Poxviridae)

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Enveloped, Brick shaped (Complex) DS, causes Sore mouth disease in sheep or goats

Orf virus (Poxviridae)

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Enveloped, Brick shaped (Complex) DS, causes Molluscum contagiosum

Molluscum contagiosum virus (Poxviridae)

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Enveloped, Brick shaped (Complex) DS, causes Monkeypox

Monkeypox virus (Poxviridae)

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All DNA viruses are double-stranded except

Parvoviridae

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All DNA viruses are icosahedral except

Poxviridae (complex)

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All DNA viruses replicate in the nucleus except

Poxviridae (too large)

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Congenital infections (STORCH) include

Syphilis, toxoplasma, others (s. agalactiae), rubella (german measles), CMV (cytomegalovirus), Herpes simplex virus (HSV)

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Endemic countries for Hepatitis virus includes

Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, and India

Hepatitis viruses: Infectious/non-chronic hepatitis; Primary transmission: Contaminated food/water/household contact; Other routes: Travel to endemic countries, sharing of needles in drug addicts, sexual (Men-to-men); Tests: HAV RNA through NAAT in stool/blood, IgM/IgG ELISA (common)

Hepatitis A

Pleomorphic, incomplete/partial dsDNA that replicates through RNA intermediate

Hepadnaviridae

Only DNA hepatitis virus

Hepatitis B

Transmission of Hepatitis B: Percutaneous inoculation, perinatal (mother to fetus), sexual; Incubation period: 1-3 months

Hepatitis B Transmission

Coinfection with Hepatitis D virus

Hepatitis B Coinfection

Infection with Hepatitis B: Mild, acute, or chronic; Complications lead to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatitis B Infection

Best indication of viral replication and high state infectivity through NAAT (PCR)

HBV DNA

Identification of Hepatitis B virus

HBsAg

Included in Hepatitis B panel: HbeAg, Anti-HBc IgM, Anti-HBsAg

Hepatitis B Panel

High infectivity, Chronic carrier state marker of Hepatitis B

HbeAg

Acute infection marker of Hepatitis B

Anti-HBc IgM

Convalescence, Vaccination, Developed Immunity for Hepatitis B

Anti-HBsAg

Liver parenchymal damage for Hepatitis B; Additional liver function tests

ALT, AST

Hepatitis deficient RNA virus that needs HBV to replicate in cells

Hepatitis D

Hepatitis C virus: Hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinoma; Screening

Anti-HCV EIA or NAAT

Waterborne Diseases

Giardia, Cryptosporidium, HEV

NAAT PCR hepatitis; Transmission: Consumption of drinking water contaminated with animal feces or potentially zoonotic; Disease: Acute and generally self-limiting with liver enlargement but no further disease progression

Hepatitis E

High fatality of Hepatitis E

3rd trimester; Avoid travels to HEV endemic areas like India, Pakistan

Tests for Hepatitis E

IgM/IgG, ALT/AST

Herpesviridae components

dsDNA, icosahedral capsid, tegument, envelope

Unique hallmark characteristic of Herpesviridae

Latency; Reactivation causes: fever, emotional stress, UV light, axonal injury, immunocompromised hosts

Other names for skin lesion caused by HSV-1 and HSV-2

Herpes labialis, facialis, febrilis

Other names for skin lesion caused by HSV-1

Cold sores, Fever blister, Orolabial lesion, Oropharyngeal lesion

Alpha herpesvirinae; Simplexvirus Oropharyngeal and genital lesions Neurons; Encephalitis, mucous membrane disease Rapid antigen, ELISA, PCR, Cell culture

HHV-1 Herpes simplex virus type 1

Alpha herpesvirinae; Simplexvirus; Genital lesions (mucosa, labia, vagina; shaft, prepuce, glans) Neurons Aseptic meningitis, Mucous membrane vesicles; Rapid antigen, ELISA, PCR, Cell culture

HHV-2 Herpes simplex virus type 2

Alpha herpesvirinae; Simplexvirus Vesicular lesion Neurons Meningoencephalitis NAAT

Herpes B virus

Alpha herpesvirinae - Varicella-Zoster virus; Chicken pox Neurons

Varicellovirus HHV-3

Accompanied by Postherpetic neuralgia (with chronic debilitating pain) = Microscopy: Scrape base of lesion and stain with Tzanck, Giemsa, or H&E NAAT, Cell culture

Shingles/Varicella-Zoster virus"

Beta-herpesvirinae; Most common cause of congenital birth defects; Infectious mononucleosis - like illness. Glands, Kidneys, Multi-organ involvement, Sheds in saliva, urine, tears, stool, breast milk, semen Direct antigen, Serology, NAAT, Cell culture (HDF)- human diploid fibrolast owl's eye appearance (reed-sternberg cells in hodgkin lymphoma)

HHV-5 Cytomegalovirus

Roseolovirus; 6th disease, Exanthem subitum

HHV-6 Human herpesvirus 6

Roseolovirus - Exanthem subitum

HHV-7 Human herpesvirus 7

Pityriasis rosea, Graft-vs Host disease; PCR = HHV-6, HHV-7

HHV-6, HHV-7

Gamma-herpesvirinae - Lympho-cryptovirus Infectious mononucleosis, Kissing disease, glandular fever; lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, Burkitt lymphoma

HHV-4 Epstein-Barr virus

Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus; Kaposi-sarcoma = Rhadinovirus HHV-8

HHV-8 Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus

HPV koilocytes seen in which virus

HPV

HPV type for plantar warts

HPV 1

HPV type for common warts on hands

HPV 2, 4

HPV type for genital warts

HPV 6, 11

HPV types causing cervical cancer

HPV 16, 18

Condylomata acuminata appearance

Cauliflower-shaped genital warts

How to visualize cervical warts

Colposcopy (acetic acid application)

Vaccine for HPV prevention

Gardasil

Virus first isolated from adenoids and tonsils

Adenoviridae

Adenovirus types causing gastroenteritis

Adenovirus 40, 41

Adenovirus types causing keratitis/conjunctivitis

Adenoviridae

Incubation period for adenovirus respiratory infection

2-14 days

Incubation period for adenovirus gastroenteritis

3-10 days

Transmission routes for adenovirus

Droplets, airborne, fecal-oral

Adenovirus cytopathic effect

Grapelike cytopathic effect (hexon)

Which type of animals does Parvovirus B19 infect

Warm-blooded animals

Transmission routes for Parvovirus B19

Respiratory droplets, transplacental (vertical transmission)

Replication site for Parvovirus B19

Erythroid progenitor cells, adult bone marrow, fetal liver cells

Diseases caused by Parvovirus B19

Fifth disease, Slapped cheek syndrome, Erythema infectiosum, Aplastic crisis, Hydrops fetalis

Phases of Parvovirus B19 illness

Biphasic illness: First phase (fever, malaise, myalgia, chills), Second phase (Rash, arthralgia)

Tests for Parvovirus B19

NAAT, IgM/IgG ELISA

Specimens for Parvovirus B19 testing

Blood, amniotic fluid, bone marrow

JC virus full name

John Cunningham

BK virus at-risk population

Renal transplant patients

First human polyomavirus

JC virus / JCPyV

Disease caused by JC virus

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)

Diagnostic test for JC virus

PCR - CSF, Brain biopsy

Polyomavirus associated with hemorrhagic cystitis

BK virus / BKPyV

Diagnostic test for BK virus

PCR - Urine

Polyomavirus associated with skin cancer

Merkel cell virus / MCPyV

Polyomavirus associated with skin disease

Trichodysplasia spinulosa virus / TSPyV

Difference between MPOX Dade I and Dade II

Dade I - Ia and Ib (outbreaks in Africa, more infectious, severe, deadly); Dade II - IIa, IIb (milder, less severe, global outbreak)

Characteristics of Poxviridae

Largest and most complex virus to humans

Poxviridae shape and inclusion bodies

Oval or Brick-shaped; Guarineri inclusion bodies

Virus causing severe smallpox

Variola major

Virus causing less severe smallpox

Variola minor

Virus transmitted through oropharynx, nasopharynx, or skin abrasion

Monkeypox

Symptoms of Monkeypox

Fever, headache, lymphadenopathy, rash on face appears first

Monkeypox disease progression

Incubation period (5-21 days) → Febrile stage → Rash stage → Recovery

Best test for diagnosing Monkeypox

Real-time PCR of OPS/NPS (best sample - vesicle fluid, Lesion swab/crusts)

Monkeypox vaccine type

Mpox live attenuated vaccinia virus

Virus causing water warts

Molluscum contagiosum virus

Transmission of Molluscum contagiosum virus

Direct contact, fomites, or sexual contact

Virus causing painful nodules on hands from sheep to humans

Orf virus

Orf virus transmission

From sheep to humans

Symptoms of Orf virus infection

Single or multiple painful nodules in hands

DNA viruses Flashcards

(105 cards)