Mycology Introduction

Question 1

Unicellular, budding, moist, opaque, smooth, creamy, pasty colony; biochemically diagnosed and seen at body temperature (35-37°C).

Answer 1

Yeast

Question 2

Multicellular, fragmented; colonies are woolly, fuzzy, waxy, glabrous, velvety; morphologically diagnosed at room temperature.

Answer 2

Molds

Question 3

Fungal reproduction involving Conidiogenous cells (Phialides and Annelides); reproduction forms: anamorph, Conidia, Blastospore, Chlamydospore, Sporangiospore.

Answer 3

Asexual Reproduction

Question 4

Fungal reproduction involving two species of fungi; reproduction forms: teleomorph, Ascospore, Zygospore, Oospore, Basidiospore.

Answer 4

Sexual Reproduction

Question 5

Fundamental unit of a mold.

Answer 5

Hyphae

Question 6

With cross walls.

Answer 6

Septate

Question 7

Absence of cross walls.

Answer 7

Aseptate/Coenocytic

Question 8

Nonpigmented or lightly pigmented (stains with lactophenol cotton blue).

Answer 8

Hyaline/Monoliaceous

Question 9

Pigmented by dark melanin.

Answer 9

Phaeoid/Dematiaceous

Question 10

Mass of hyphae that make up the thallus of a mold.

Answer 10

Mycelium

Question 11

Vegetative growth of a fungus, including an interwoven mass of hyphae.

Answer 11

Thallus

Question 12

Hyphae growing on the surface of agar for nutrient acquisition.

Answer 12

Vegetative Mycelium

Question 13

Filamentous extension above the colony for distribution of spores for reproduction.

Answer 13

Aerial Mycelium

Question 14

Hyphae produced above the surface of the agar media.

Answer 14

Aerial Mycelia

Question 15

Hyphae produced on the surface or extending into the agar media.

Answer 15

Vegetative Mycelia

Question 16

Asexual form of fungal sporulation (imperfect state).

Answer 16

Anamorph

Question 17

Conidium derived from the fragmentation of specialized hyphae.

Answer 17

Arthroconidium

Question 18

Fruiting structure that contains asci.

Answer 18

Ascocarp (Ascoma)

Question 19

Sexual spore formed within an ascus following meiosis.

Answer 19

Ascospore

Question 20

Saclike structure that contains ascospores, characteristic of Ascomycetes.

Answer 20

Ascus (pl., Asci)

Question 21

Sexual spore formed as an outgrowth of a basidium.

Answer 21

Basidiospore

Question 22

Structure that contains basidiospores (e.g., mushroom).

Answer 22

Basidium

Question 23

Asexual spore formed by budding of the hyphal, pseudohyphal, or yeast cell.

Answer 23

Blastoconidia

Question 24

Thick-walled resting or survival structure (also called chlamydoconidia).

Answer 24

Chlamydospore

Question 25

Enclosed ascocarp composed of layers of hyphae that contain randomly dispersed asci.

Answer 25

Cleistothecia

Question 26

Funnel-shaped structure at the apex of a phialide.

Answer 26

Collarette

Question 27

An extension of the sporangiophore into the base of the sporangium.

Answer 27

Columella

Question 28

Asexual spores formed by fragmentation of mycelia into rectangular, barrel-shaped, or cask-shaped, thick-walled spores. Examples: Trichosporum, Coccidioides.

Answer 28

Arthroconidia

Question 29

Sexual spores produced in a round, saclike structure that usually contains two to eight spores.

Answer 29

Ascospores

Question 30

Outgrowth of a conidium or spore that is the beginning of a hypha; no constriction at the point of attachment. Germ tubes are typically three to four times the length of the original yeast cell. Example: Candida albicans.

Answer 30

Germ Tube

Question 31

Tubelike structures that are the fundamental units of the fungus; many join to form the mycelium, which forms the colony of the fungus.

Answer 31

Hyphae

Question 32

Hyphae containing cross-walls.

Answer 32

Septate Hyphae

Question 33

Hyphae lacking cross-walls.

Answer 33

Aseptate Hyphae

Question 34

Asexual conidia produced by simple budding from mother cells, hyphae, or pseudohyphae; characteristic of yeasts and yeastlike fungi.

Answer 34

Blastoconidia

Question 35

Flask-shaped or vase-shaped structure that produces phialoconidia.

Answer 35

Phialide

Question 36

Thick-walled asexual conidia formed during unfavorable conditions and germinate when the environment improves; greater in diameter than hyphae and may be terminal, intercalary, or sessile.

Answer 36

Chlamydoconidia

Question 37

Hyphal tip where chlamydoconidia form.

Answer 37

Terminal Chlamydoconidia

Question 38

Chlamydoconidia formed within the hyphal strand.

Answer 38

Intercalary Chlamydoconidia

Question 39

Chlamydoconidia formed on the sides of hyphae.

Answer 39

Sessile Chlamydoconidia

Question 40

Chains of cells produced by budding that may resemble true hyphae but are constricted at the septa and form branches that begin at the septation.

Answer 40

Pseudohyphae

Question 41

A mass of pseudohyphae.

Answer 41

Pseudomycelium

Question 42

Large, round, multicellular structure that surrounds the asci and ascospores until the structure ruptures, releasing the ascospores.

Answer 42

Cleistothecium

Question 43

Dome-shaped, swollen sporangiophore tip that extends into the sporangium.

Answer 43

Columella

Question 44

Specialized, vegetative hyphae that act as stalks on which conidia are found.

Answer 44

Conidiophore

Question 45

Asexual structures that form on the sides of hyphae or conidiophores; may be produced singly or in groups. Macroconidia are large and multicelled, whereas microconidia are usually small and unicellular.

Answer 45

Conidia

Question 46

Spindle-shaped conidium that is wider in the middle and narrows toward either end.

Answer 46

Fusiform

Question 47

Pear-shaped conidia.

Answer 47

Piriform

Question 48

Large, round, thick-walled structure that contains spores characteristic of *Coccidioides immitis* in tissue.

Answer 48

Spherule

Question 49

Asexual spore contained in a saclike structure in which spores are formed and held. The sporangium is borne on a specialized hyphal stalk.

Answer 49

Sporangiophore

Question 50

With knoblike projections. Example: *Histoplasma.*

Answer 50

Tuberculate

Question 51

Enlarged structure at the end of a conidiophore or sporangiophore that may bear phialides. Example: *Aspergillus.*

Answer 51

Vesicle