DOMAIN I. Principles of Dietetics Flashcards
(171 cards)
CLIMACTERIC FRUITS
Ripen after harvesting
Ex: peach, pear, banana, apple, tomato
WAYS TO PREVENT ENZYMATIC BROWNING
- Dip in citrus juice
- Add sugar before freezing
- Heat to boil
HOW MANY ORANGES MAKE A QUART OF JUICE
12 ORANGES
CHLOROPHYLL
- Insoluble in water
- In ACID: olive green, called PHEOPHYTIN
- In ALKALINE: bright green, CHLOROPHYLLIN
YELLOW, ORANGE PIGMENTS (carotenoids)
- Insoluble in water
- No change in color in acid/base
LYCOPENE
- Gives tomatoes and watermelon their red color
- Antioxidant, phytochemical
RED, BLUE, PURPLE FLAVONOIDS
- Called anthocyanins
- Water soluble
- PH changes affect them greatly
- In acid: BRIGHT RED
- In alkaline: BLUISH
COLORLESS, WHITE, OR YELLOW FLAVONOIDS
- Called anthoxanthins OR flavones
- water soluble
- In acid: COLORLESS
- In alkaline: YELLOW
ONIONS will turn YELLOW in an aluminum pan.
PREPARATION SUGGESTIONS FOR CAULIFLOWER
Cook for a short time, COVERED
PREPARATION OF BROCCOLI IN MICROWAVE
- The same flavor for less time
- Better retention of color and vit C
PREPARATION SUGGESTIONS FOR CABBAGE
- Cook for SHORT time with the lid OFF initially
- In large amount of water
PREPARATION OF POTATOES
- Contain phenolic compounds, causing color change in peeled potatoes
- Green color under skin- when exposed to sunlight during storage
- SOLANINE- a natural toxicant
- During storage starch changes to sugar
- OLD POTATOES: sweeter, cook to a darker brown, softer in texture
Change in TASTE, COLOR, AND TEXTURE
TVP (TEXTURED VEGETABLE PROTEIN)
- Textured soy protein
- Used as a meat analog/meat extender
- Quick to cook, yields more servings, lower meal cost
- Adds juiciness d/t water content
PREPARATION OF ACIDIC VEGETABLES
More time, more water, no LID
FROZEN vs FRESH VEGETABLES COOKING TIME
- Frozen cook faster d/t blanching before freezing
HOW MANY CUPS IN A #10 CAN? # IN A CASE?
13 CUPS
6 in a CASE
SAFE INTERNAL TEMPERATURE OF PORK, BEEF, VEAL, LAMB, STEAKS, ROAST, FISH
145’ F
SAFE INTERNAL TEMPERATURE OF GROUND BEEF, GROUND VEAL, GROUND LAMB
160’ F
SAFE INTERNAL TEMPERATURE OF TURKEY, CHICKEN, DUCK
165’ F
ROASTING TEMPERATURE
325’ F
PINK COLOR IN CURED MEATS IS DUE TO
NITRITES
TENDER CUTS OF MEAT
NEAR BACKBONE - LOIN, SIRLOIN
COOKING METHODS:
DRY HEAT: FRYING, BROILING, GRILLING,
TOUGH CUTS OF MEAT
BOTTOM ROUND, CHUCK, BRISKET
COOKING METHODS: MOIST HEAT
BRAISING, SIMMERING, STEAMING, STEWING
PAPAIN AND BROMELAIN TENDERIZE MEAT
FAT SMOKE POINT IN DECREASING ORDER
SAFFLOWER 513’ F
soybean, canola, corn, palm, peanut, sunflower, sesame, olive- 375’ F
Lard 375’ F
Shortening: 365-370’ F (monoglycerides, low smoke point)
Butter: 350’ F