Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

RD Exam > Vitamins and Minerals > Flashcards

Vitamins and Minerals Flashcards

(118 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

VITAMIN C FUNCTIONS

A
  1. ENHANCES NON-HEME IRON ABSOPTION
  2. ANTIOXIDANT
  3. CHANGES PROLINE INTO HYDROXYPROLINE INTO COLLAGEN
  4. WOUND HEALING
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

VITAMIN C SOURCES

A

CITRUS FRUITS, BROCCOLI, BRUSSEL’S SPROUTS, TOMATOES, STRAWBERRIES, CABBAGE, RED AND GREEN PEPPERS, MELONS, GUAVA, BAKED POTATOES, PAPAYA, MANGO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

RDA FOR VITAMIN C

A

MALE: 90 MG/D
FEMALE: 75 MG/D

UL: 2000 MG

85 MG DURING PREGNANACY

120 MG DURING LACTATION

+ 35 MG/D FOR SMOKERS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

VITAMIN C DEFICIENCY

A
  1. SCURVY
  2. POOR WOUND HELING
  3. BLEEDING GUMS
  4. PETICHIAE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

THIAMIN (B1) FUNCTIONS

A
  1. CHO OXIDATION- INCREASED CHO INTAKE REQUIRES MORE THIAMIN

2. METABOLISM OF PYRUVATE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

THIAMIN (B1) FUNCTIONS

A
  1. CHO OXIDATION- INCREASED CHO INTAKE REQUIRES MORE THIAMIN

2. METABOLISM OF PYRUVATE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

THIAMIN DEFICIENCY

A
  1. BER1 BER1
  2. MUSCLE WEAKNESS
  3. FOOT DROP
  4. MEMORY LOSS
  5. INCREASED PLASMA PYRUVATE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

RDA FOR THIAMIN

A

MALES: 1.2 MG

FEMALE: 1.1 MG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

THIAMIN SOURCES

A

GRAINS, WHEAT GERM, PORK, LIVER, SUNFLOWER SEEDS, LEGUMES, YEAST, SOY MILK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

FUNCTIONS OF RIBOFLAVIN (B2)

A
  1. REQUIRED AS ENZYME COFACTOR FOR CHO AND FAAT METABOLISM

2. RED CELL PRODUCTION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

RIBOFLAVIN (B2) RDA

A

MALE: 1.3 MG
FEMALE: 1.1 MG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

RIBOFLAVIN SOURCES

A

LIVER, KIDNEY, MEAT, MILK, SHRIMP, FORTIFIED CEREALS, EGGS, YOGURT, CHEESE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

RIBOFLAVIN (B2) DEFICIENCY

A

CHEILOSIS, ANGULAR STOMATITIS, MAGENTA TONGUE, SWOLLEN MOUTH AND THROAT, DERMATITIS, ANEMIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

RDA FOR NIACIN

A

M: 16 NE
F: 14 NE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

NIACIN B3 FUNCTION

A
  1. METABOLISM OF CHO, PROTEIN AND FAT

SYNTHESIZED FROM TRYPTOPHAN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

NIACIN SORCES

A

PROTEIN, PEANUTS (BUTTER), READY-TO-EAT CEREALS, CHICKEN, RICE, YEAST, MILK, FISH, CANNED TOMATO PRODUCTS, ENRICHED BREADS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

NIACIN DEFICIENCY

A
  1. PELLAGRA- 4 D’S DERMATITIS, DIARRHEA, DEMENTIA, DEATH
  2. BEEFY, BRIGHT, RED TONGUE
  3. SYMMETRICAL, PIGMENTED RASH IN SUNLIGHT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

RDA FOR PYRIDOXIINE (B6)

A

M: 1.2-1.7 MG
F: 1.3-1.5 MG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

PYRIDOXINE FUNCTION

A

COENZYME IN AMINO ACID METABOLISM- DEAMINATION, TRANSAMINATION

INCREASED PYRIDOXINE NEEDS WITH INCREASED PROTEIN INTAKE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

PYRIDOXINE SOURCES

A

GARBANZO BEANS, MEAT, FISH, POULTRY, FORTIFIED CEREALS, WHITE POTATO, BANANA, YEAST

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

PYRIDOXINE DEFICIENCY

A

SEIZURES, ANEMIA, DERMATITIS, GLOSSITIS, STOMATITIS, CHEILOSIS, PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

AI PANTHOTENIC ACID

A

5 MG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

PANTHOTENIC ACID FUNCTION

A
  1. CoenzymeA

2. FAT METABOLISM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

PANTHOTENIC ACID SOURCES

A
  1. LIVER, MEATS, DAIRY, BROCCOLI, LEGUMES, SHIITAKE MUSHROOMS, EGG YOLK
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
PANTHOTENIC ACID DEFICIENCY
BURNING FOOT SYNDROME
26
FOLIC ACID FUNCTION
1. DNA SYNTHESIS 2. FORMS RBC IN BONE MARROW 3. PREVENTS NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS 4. INVOLVED IN HOMOCYSTEINE METABOLISM
27
RDA FOR FOLIC ACID
400 MG | 600 MG FOR PREGNANT WOMEN
28
FOLATE SOURCES
GREEN VEGETABLES- SPINACH, ASPARAGUS, LEGUMES, FORTIFIED GRAIN PRODUCTS, LIVER, KIDNEY, CITRUS FRUIT, BEANS
29
FOLATE DEFICIENCY
1. MEGALOBLASTIC MACROCYTIC ANEMIA 2. NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS IN A FETUS 3. ELEVATED HOMOCYSTEIINE LEVELS 4. DIARRHEA, FATIGUE, IRRITABILITY, DYSPNEA
30
AI BIOTIN
30 MG/D
31
BIOTIN FUNCTION
1. COENZYME IN FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS 2. CONVERTS PYRUVATE TO OXALOACETATE IN GLUCONEOGENESIS SYNTHESIZED BY INTESTINAL BACTERIA INACTIVATED BY AVIDIN
32
BIOTIN SOURCES
LIVER, KIDNEY, EGG YOLK, YEAST, SOYBEANS, LEGUMES
33
BIOTIN DEFICIENCY
MUSCLE PAIN, DERMATITIS, GLOSSITIS, ALOPECIA, HYPOTONIA, NERVOUS SYSTEM DYSFUNCTION
34
AI FOR COBALAMIN (B12)
2.4 MCG
35
COBALAMIN (B12) FUNCTION
1. COENZYME IN DNA, RNA, AND MYELIN 2. FORMS RBC 3. REQUIRED FOR THE CONVERSION OF HOMOCYSTEIN TO METHIONINE
36
COBALAMIN (B12) SOURCES
FISH, SEAFOOD, MEATS, LIVER, KIDNEY, EGGS, MILK, CHEESE, CEREALS
37
COBALAMIN (B12) DEFICIENCY
1. MACROCYTIC, MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA 2. PERNICIOUS ANEMIA (POST-GASTRECTOMY OR ILEAL RESECTION, LACK OF IF) 3. DEGENERATION OF PERIPHERAL NERVES
38
CALCIUM FUNCTIONS
1. BLOOD CLOTTING 2. CARDIAC FUNCTION 3. NERVE TRANSMISSION 4. SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRACTILITY DEFICIENCY: TETANY
39
VITAMIN A TOXIC LEVEL
10 000 IU
40
VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY
NIGHT BLINDNESS-NYCTALOPIA (REVERSIBLE) XEROPHTALMIA- CORNEAL DAMAGE (NON-REVERSIBLE) BITOT'S SPOTS ON CONJUCTIVA DRY, SCALY SKIN (HYPERKERATOSIS)
41
VITAMIN E DEFICIENCY
HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
42
VITAMIN E SOURCES
VEGETABLE OILS, WHOLE GRAINS, GREEN VEGETABLES, ALMONDS
43
PHOSPHORUS NEEDS
700 MG
44
PHOSPHORUS FUNCTION
1. PHOSPHOLIPIDS TRANSPORT FAT THROUGH LYMPH AND BLOOD 2. BONE AND TEETH THE SECOND MOST ABUNDANT MINERAL (CALIUM IS THE OTHER ONE)
45
PHOSPHORUS SOURCES
MILK, MEAT, POULTRY, EGGS, FISH, CHEESE, SOY MILK, TOFU, LEGUMES, NUTS
46
PHOSPHORUS DEFICIENCY
MUSCLE WEAKNESS, MUSCLE DAMAGE, BONE PAIN, DIZZINESS
47
PHOSPHORUS TOXICITY
HYPOCALCEMIA
48
AI POTASSIUM
4.7 g/d
49
POTASSIUM FUNCTION
FLUID BALANCE NERVE IMPULSE TRANSMISSION MUSCLE CONTRACTION
50
POTASSIUM SOURCES
MOST FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES, POTATOES, BANANAS, TOMATO JUICE, ORANGE JUICE, MELONS
51
POTASSIUM DEFICIENCY
MUSCLE WEAKNESS, PARALYSIS, MENTAL CONFUSION, IRREGULAR HEARTBEAT
52
POTASSIUM TOXICITY
MUSCLE WEAKNESS, VOMITING, IRREGULAR HEARTBEAT
53
AI SODIUM
1.5 g/d
54
SODIUM DEFICIENCY
MUSCLE CRAMPS, DIZZINESS, FATIGUE, NAUSEA, VOMITING, MENTAL CONFUSION
55
SODIUM TOXICITY
WATER RETENTION, HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE, LOSS OF CALCIUM IN URINE
56
RDA IRON
M: 8MG F: 18 MG
57
IRON FUNCTION
OXYGEN TRANSPORT
58
FORM OF IRON IN FOOD
FERRIC
59
ABSORBABLE FORM OF IRON
FERROUS
60
IRON STORAGE
FERRITIN
61
WHICH NUTRIENTS INHIBIT IRIIN ABSORPTION
EGGS, TEA, MILK, CHEESE
62
INCREASING IRON ABSORPTION
FOODS CONTAINING VITAMIN C CALCIUM BINDS TO OXALATES, ENHANCING IRON ABSORPTION
63
RDA ZINC
M: 11 MG F: 8 MG
63
RDA ZINC
M: 11 MG F: 8 MG UL: 40 MG/D
64
ZINC FUNCTION
``` INCREASES TASTE ENHANCES INSULIN FUNCTION CHO, PROTEIN AND ALCOHOL METABOLISM GROWTH WOUND HEALING IMMUNE RESPONSE, REPRODUCTION STABILIZES DNA, RNA CELL DIVISION ```
65
ZINC SOURCES
OYSTERS, MEAT, LIVER, EGGS, FISH, NUTS, WHEAT GERM
66
ZINC DEFICIENCY
REDUCED IMMUNE FUNCTION, ALOPECIA, POOR WOUND HEALING, HYPOGEUSIA
67
ZINC ABSORPTION
PHYTATES AND COPPER LOWER ZINC ABSORPTION
68
EXCESS ZINC
COPPER AND IRON DEFICIENCY
69
IODINE DEFICIENCY
GOITER
70
MAGNESIUM FUNCTION
PROTEIN AND FATTY ACIDS SYNTHESIS | STABILIZES ATP
71
WHEN MAGNESIUM IS IN HIGHER DEMAND
HIGH PROTEIN, CALCIUM, VITAMIN D
72
WHICH MINERAL IS ATTACHED TO CERULOPLASMIN
COPPER
73
COOPER FUNCTION
HEMOGLOBIN SYNTHESIS ENHANCES IRON ABSORPTION
74
COPPER RDA
900 mcg
75
COPPER DEFICIENCY
MICROCYTIC ANEMIA, NEUTROPENIA WILSON'S DISEASE- LOW SERUM COPPER
76
COPPER SOURCES
LIVER, KIDNEY, SHELLFISH
77
SELENIUM DEFICIENCY
MYALGIA, CARDIAC MYOPATHY
78
CHROMIUM FUNCTION
AIDS ACTION OF INSULIN GLUCOSE METABOLISM
79
CHROMIUM SOURCES
YEAST, OYSTERS, POTATO, LIVER
80
CHROMIUM DEFICIENCY
INSULIN RESISTANCE
81
RDA FOR CHROMIUM
25-35 mcg
82
NAME THE 3 SULFUR CONTAINING AMINO ACIDS
CYSTEINE, CYSTINE, METHIONINE
83
ATOMIC WEIGHT NA
23
84
ATOMIC WEIGHT K
39
85
ATOMIC WEIGHT CALCIUM
40 VALENCE 2
86
MILLIEQUIVALENTS
mg / ATOMIC WEIGHT X VALENCE
87
CALCIUM NORMAL RANGES
4.5-5.5 mEq/L or 9-11 mg/dl
88
SODIUM NORMAL LEVELS
136-145 mEq/L
89
POTASSIUM NORMAL LEVELS
3.5-5 mEq/L
90
1 tsp spoon of salt has
2.4 g sodium
91
NORMAL SALINE HAS
154 mEq/L NA
92
P CO2 NORMAL RANGE
35-45
93
HCO3 NORMAL RANGE
24-28
94
WHICH NUTRITENTS A PREGNANT ADOLESCENT NEED INCREASED INTAKE OF
IRON, CALCIUM, ZINC
95
NORMAL BIRTH WEIGHT
2500-4000 G, 2.5-4 KG
96
LOW BIRTH WEIGHT
< 2 500 g; 5.5 LBS
97
VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT
< 1500 g (3.3 lbs)
98
CALORIE NEEDS 0-6 MONTHS INFANT
M: 570 KCAL F: 520 KCAL
99
CALORIE NEEDS FOR 7-12 MONTHS INFANT
M: 743 F: 676
100
HOW MANY OZ PER DAY DOES AN INFANT NEED
2 1/2 OZ/LB/D
101
INDICATOR OF LONG TERM NUTRITIONAL STATUS
STATURE/LENGTH FOR AGE
102
INDICATOR OF SHORT TERM NUTRITIONAL STATUS
WEIGHT/LENGHT
103
RDA PROTEIN >= 19 YEARS OLD
MALES: 56 G FEMALES: 46 G
104
NUTRIENTS REQUIRED FOR CONVERSION OF PYRUVIC ACID TO ACETYL CoA
THIAMIN, RIBOFLAVIN, NIACIN, PANTOTHENIC ACID, MAGNESIUM, LIPOIC ACID
105
NAME THE INTERMEDIATE PRODUCT OF BREAKDOWN OF CHO, FAT AND PROTEIN
ACETYL CoA
106
MAIN SUBSTRATE FOR ENERGY PRODUCTION WITHIN KREB'S CYCLE
PYRUVATE
107
CORI CYCLE
LACTATE IS CONVERTED BACK TO PYRUVATE
108
GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE
MAY LEAD TO GLYCOGEN SYNTHESIS
109
NITROGEN BALANCE FORMULA
PRO INTAKE (g) / 6.25 - (URINARY UREA NITROGEN + 4 )
110
HORMONES IN PROTEIN ANABOLISM
PITUITARY GROWTH HORMONE, THYROID HORMONE, INSULIN, TESTOSTERONE
111
HORMONES IN PROTEIN CATABOLISM
ADRENAL HORMONES (GLUCOCORTICOIDS)- STIMULATE GLUCONEOGENESIS
112
ROLE OF INSULINE IN CHO METABOLISM
ICREASES CELL PERMIABILITY TO GLUCOSE | AIDS GLYCOGENESIS AND LIPOGENESIS
113
GLUCAGON
GLYCOGENOLYSIS
114
GLUCOCORTICOIDS
PROTEIN TO GLUCOSE (GLUCONEOGENESIS)
115
EPINEPHRINE
STIMULATES SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATES LIVER AND MUSCLE GLYCOGENOLYSIS DERCREASES INSULIN SECRETION FROM PANCREAS DURING CATABOLIC STRESS AS A RESULT BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS INCREASE
116
GROWTH HORMONE, ACTH (ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC)
IINSULIN ANTAGONISTS
117
HORMONES IN FAT METABOLISM
LYPOLYSIS: GROWTH HORMONE, GLUCAGONE-INSULIN ANTAGONISTS GLUCOCORTICOIDS, THYROXINE, EPINEPHRINE, ACTH- INCREASE RATE OF LIPOLYSIS LIPOGENESIS: INSULIN

RD Exam (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions