Domestication Flashcards
What is domestication
WHat is it better suited for?
- When humans change a organisms GENEotype
- Makes it better suited for human contolled enviroment
What did domestication provide?
- It provided evidence for organismal evolution
What is something that Darwin studied to prove domestication
- How were pidgeon breeds made?
- Darwin studied pigeons of evolution
- Different pidgeon breeds were created through selective breeding
Why can only some animals be domesticated?
- They must have specific traits
Preadaptations ( natural traits) in plants
- Ability to grow in disturbed enviroments
- Simple genetic change leads to big impact
Preadaptations ( natural traits) in animals
- omni diet
- easy to raise
- fast growth rate
- lots of babies
- docile
Domestication syndrome in plants
- when humans domesticated plats they just started selecting specific traits making shit easy for humans
What are key traits of domestication syndrome
- Loss of sheed shattering
- Loss of seed dormancy
- Larger seeds and fruits
- loss of toxic chemicals
Why is the domestication syndrome important
- it makes it easier to farm and produce higher yeilds
- transformed from small wid crops to stable crops
How did domestication syndrome come about concious and unconscious what?
- unconscious selection
and concious selection
What is unconscious selection?
- Early humans didn’t purposely, it happened naturally ( unconsciously)
What is concious selection?
- humans intentionally selected plants and animas that best suited there needs ( more desirable)
Why does unconcious and consoius selection matter?
U: made farming more efficient without even realizing
C: Improved plants and animals even more for specific needs.
What is the difference between teosinte and corn
T: small hard kernels highly branched bush
C: larger soft kernes on a straight stalk that is easier to harverst
How did teosinte turn into corn? ( growth)
- what is tb1 and what happened with it?
- What did it create?
- Teosint branched controls branching (tb1)
- There was a mutation in tb1 that reduced branching and made a single stalk
How did teosinte turn into corn? ( Kernel structure)
- the tigga1 grne controls the hard fruit case around teosinte seeds
- the mutation in tigga gene made the seed coat softer allowing for us niggas to eat it duh dooiii
How did teosinte turn into corn ( ear size and shape)
- there were multiple genes e that made corn singular and large like a dihh instead of multiple small ones.
How did teosinte turn into corn ( kernel number and size?)
- Mutaitons that led to more kernels and kernels that were big like a dihh
how did teosinte turn into corn ( domestication syndrome)
- unconsioud slection and concious election
who were the scientists that studied corn genetic
( gbeetle) and bestie D)
- George beadle ( proved that corn was the same)
- John doobley ( Mapped the genetic differents
What was the evi that Teosinte tb1 was involved in the evolution of maize ( Genetic mapping and loci identification)
- found one key genetic loci that differentiate teosinte
- tb1 was involved in reducing branch size
evi that tb1 was involved with corn evo ( mutation)
- introduces loss of function mutation intb1 gene reverted back to a teosite like highly branched pehonotype
- tb1 proved to suppress branch size making the plant grow as a tall single stalk
evi that tb1 was involved in evo of corn ( gene expression)
- Teosite has low levels of tb1 so that means more branches with small ears
- maize has a mutation that increases tb1 reducing branch size leading to a single stalk
- this mutation was naturally selected to make maize easier to harvest
evi that tyb1 was inolved in corn evo ( artificial selection nd domestication)
- farmers did not puposely select for higher tb1 expression, but it increased due selection pressure
