Domestication Flashcards
(25 cards)
Price (2002) definition
the process by which a population of animals becomes adapted to man and the captive environment by some combination of genetic changes occurring over generations
Purposes of domestication
numerous but include; food, transport, power, fuel. pleasure
1st wave
farm animals and dogs
domesticated more recently
fur, lab animals and new meat producers
How did it happen
natural selection followed by artificial selection
coexisting with humans provided; early warning, warmth, hunting
Human tolerant genes had an advantahe
Dog Domestication
Bradshaw (2009) share 99.96% genes with wolf
BUT NOT their ancestors
both evolve from some kind of canid
1570- 1st classification
Paedomorphosis and Neoteny
captive animals that show juvenile behaviour/morphology more likely to be selected for
inherit full behavioural repertoire but some more pronounced/easily triggered
Sheep and Goats
possibly shared water places in ancestral conditions
evidence of confinement/breeding in neolithic era
uses inlcude; wool, skin and meat
breeding for small and less agile initially
Favourable Characteristics; group structure
large social groups
hierarchy
males affiliated with females
Favourable Characteristics; Sexual
promiscuity
males sexually dominant
sexual signals by posture/movement
Favourable Characteristics; Parent young interaction
critical period for species bond
female accepts young
precocial
Favourable Characteristics; reaction to humans
short flight distance
little disturbed
Favourable Characteristics; other
omnivorous
adaptable
limited agility
Morphological changes
colour
shape
paedomorphosis
Physiological changes
endocrine immune growth metabolism development
MacHugh et al (2016) Domestication Syndrome
less fear/ more tame more sociability less of a predator response endocrine systems accept human food
Price (2002) Heterochrony
shifts in time
earlier sexual maturity
extended socialization
Suppression of natural behaviour
stereotypies
increased behavioural problems
Cost of domestication- Horses
compared genomes of domestic and wild horses they found differences in
muscular, limb, speed gene
learning capacity, sociality, fear
deleterious mutations
genes involved in gastrointestinal and neurological disease
schizophrenia
Still evolving?
continue to use animals to aid our survival
environment changing so rapidly- can’t adapt quick enough
Skoglund et al (2015) 35,000 year old wolf genome
recalibrated lupine mutation rate suggesting dogs diverged from present day wolves at least 27,000 ya
Evin et al (2017) cranial morphology in dogs and wolves
at several stages of ontogeny and found that at each stage of development dogs skull shapes resembled those of younger animals even in breeds who do not exhibit juvenilized morphology as adults
• Taken which skepticism- proven wolf is not ancestor of the dog
• Although they come from similar ancestor who’s to say wolves haven’t undergone a separate lineage of evolution and their head shape changed in a way that skews this result?
Franklin et al (2013)
neural regions involved in perceiving distress of other humans are similarly activated when witnessing the distress of animals
Chang et al (2014) genetic info from ancient and modern horses
pinpointed genetic changes due to domestication
GRID1 one of these- link to schizophrenia
resulted from domestication
