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Companion Animal Behaviour > Domestication > Flashcards

Flashcards in Domestication Deck (25)
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1
Q

Price (2002) definition

A

the process by which a population of animals becomes adapted to man and the captive environment by some combination of genetic changes occurring over generations

2
Q

Purposes of domestication

A

numerous but include; food, transport, power, fuel. pleasure

3
Q

1st wave

A

farm animals and dogs

4
Q

domesticated more recently

A

fur, lab animals and new meat producers

5
Q

How did it happen

A

natural selection followed by artificial selection
coexisting with humans provided; early warning, warmth, hunting
Human tolerant genes had an advantahe

6
Q

Dog Domestication

A

Bradshaw (2009) share 99.96% genes with wolf
BUT NOT their ancestors
both evolve from some kind of canid
1570- 1st classification

7
Q

Paedomorphosis and Neoteny

A

captive animals that show juvenile behaviour/morphology more likely to be selected for
inherit full behavioural repertoire but some more pronounced/easily triggered

8
Q

Sheep and Goats

A

possibly shared water places in ancestral conditions
evidence of confinement/breeding in neolithic era
uses inlcude; wool, skin and meat
breeding for small and less agile initially

9
Q

Favourable Characteristics; group structure

A

large social groups
hierarchy
males affiliated with females

10
Q

Favourable Characteristics; Sexual

A

promiscuity
males sexually dominant
sexual signals by posture/movement

11
Q

Favourable Characteristics; Parent young interaction

A

critical period for species bond
female accepts young
precocial

12
Q

Favourable Characteristics; reaction to humans

A

short flight distance

little disturbed

13
Q

Favourable Characteristics; other

A

omnivorous
adaptable
limited agility

14
Q

Morphological changes

A

colour
shape
paedomorphosis

15
Q

Physiological changes

A
endocrine
immune
growth
metabolism
development
16
Q

MacHugh et al (2016) Domestication Syndrome

A
less fear/ more tame
more sociability
less of a predator response
endocrine systems
accept human food
17
Q

Price (2002) Heterochrony

A

shifts in time
earlier sexual maturity
extended socialization

18
Q

Suppression of natural behaviour

A

stereotypies

increased behavioural problems

19
Q

Cost of domestication- Horses

A

compared genomes of domestic and wild horses they found differences in
muscular, limb, speed gene
learning capacity, sociality, fear
deleterious mutations
genes involved in gastrointestinal and neurological disease
schizophrenia

20
Q

Still evolving?

A

continue to use animals to aid our survival

environment changing so rapidly- can’t adapt quick enough

21
Q

Skoglund et al (2015) 35,000 year old wolf genome

A

recalibrated lupine mutation rate suggesting dogs diverged from present day wolves at least 27,000 ya

22
Q

Evin et al (2017) cranial morphology in dogs and wolves

A

at several stages of ontogeny and found that at each stage of development dogs skull shapes resembled those of younger animals even in breeds who do not exhibit juvenilized morphology as adults
• Taken which skepticism- proven wolf is not ancestor of the dog
• Although they come from similar ancestor who’s to say wolves haven’t undergone a separate lineage of evolution and their head shape changed in a way that skews this result?

23
Q

Franklin et al (2013)

A

neural regions involved in perceiving distress of other humans are similarly activated when witnessing the distress of animals

24
Q

Chang et al (2014) genetic info from ancient and modern horses

A

pinpointed genetic changes due to domestication
GRID1 one of these- link to schizophrenia
resulted from domestication

25
Q

Makino et al (2018) levels of deleterios mutations in 5 domestic animal species

A

dogs, pigs, chicken and silkworm
reduced genetic variation and increased deleterious variants in all but one
pig did not show- likely shared genes with wild boar pops after domestication