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Flashcards in Welfare & Individual Differences Deck (35)
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1
Q

World Organisation for Animal Health (2010)

A

an animal has good welfare if ‘healthy, comfortable, well-nourished, safe, able to express innate behaviour and its not suffering from unpleasant states such as pain, fear and distress’

2
Q

Abnormal behaviour as a welfare indicator

A
Vice 'injurious'
stereotypies
redirected behaviours
sham behaviours
decreased behavioural complexity
altered frequencies of behaviours
3
Q

Broom & Fraser (2015) stereotyped behaviour

A

is repeated, relatively invariant sequence of movement that has no obvious function

4
Q

Horse stereotypes

A

pacing
weaving
wind sucking
crib biting

5
Q

Dog stereotypies

A

tail chasing
pacing
licking
species specific

6
Q

Cat stereotypies

A

wool sucking

licking

7
Q

Rodent stereotypies

A

fixed running patterns

jumping

8
Q

Mason (2016) abnormal repetitive behaviour

A

obsessive/compulsive
develops from inability to express strongly motivated behaviours
leading to channeling of behaviour into simplified forms
may be rewarding through stress relief
causes depend on example; frustration, lack of exercise, nature of feeding, social isolation
prevention/treatment depends on cause
coping mechanism may be learned helplessness

9
Q

Choice tests

A

let the animal choose
easy can be useful but need care in design and interpretation
Problems- wrong option, history, does preference indicate necessity,

10
Q

Operant conditioning

A

working for positive and avoiding negative reinforcement

behaviour demand functions

11
Q

Personality

A

distinctive personal character

pattern of behavioural characteristics of an individual (Janczech et al 2003)

12
Q

Temperament

A

distinctive individual character which determines how an individual reacts to given situations
genetic and environmental influences
traditional psychologists dislike because of anthropomorphic connotations

13
Q

Manteca & Degg (1993)

A

as welfare relates to how individuals cope with environmental challenge

14
Q

coping style

A

a coherent set of behavioural and psychological stress responses which is consistent over time and characteristics of the individual

15
Q

Active copers

A

deal with an aversive situation by trying to escape or remove aversive stimulus

16
Q

Passive copers

A

respond to aversive situations with no obvious outward signs

17
Q

Temperament traits should be

A

stable across time

predictive in other situations

18
Q

FFM

A
Openness
Coscientiousness
Extraversonn
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
some evidence for personality traits in domestic animals
19
Q

Assays of temperament

A

open field tests- reaction to isolated animal to novel stimuli
novel object tests
handling tests

20
Q

CBARQ

A

quantitative scores for 14 different different scales including owner/dog/stranger directed aggression, different types of fear and excitability amongst others

21
Q

Gosling & John risk of anthropomorphism

A

biases then not an issue

22
Q

Behavioural studies in rats

A
coping styles
reactive (slow)
proactive (fast)
proactive bury in sawdust
reactive wait for it to go away
23
Q

Physiological correlates of coping strategies

A

HPA activity

sympathetic activity

24
Q

Emotion

A

an intense short lived affective responses

25
Q

Qualitative Behaviour Assessment

A

different groups of people asked to judge the behaviour of their animals
use of subjective terms
high agreement found in the ‘way in which an animals behaves’

26
Q

5 Freedoms

A
  1. freedom from hunger and thirst
  2. freedom from discomfort
  3. freedom from pain, injury, disease
  4. freedom to express normal behaviour
  5. freedom from fear and distress
27
Q

Lawrence & Rushen (1993)

A

malfunctioning equipment or poor human management may lead to aggression, cannibalism and other types of abnormal behaviour

28
Q

Blackwell et al (2013) urinary cortisol as indicator of poor welfare

A

in S/LT kenneled dogs
no diff
both had high levels

29
Q

John & Gosling (1999) big 5 in 19 nonhuman species

A

ENA showed strongest cross species generality
followed by O
C only found in chimps

30
Q

Bekoff (2000)

A

current research provides compelling evidence that at least some animals likely feel a full range of emotions including, fear, joy, happiness, shame, embarrassment, resentment, jealousy, rage, anger, love, pleasure’ and goes on to reference several studies that have found these emotions in various animals

31
Q

Bekoff

A

emotions can be broadly defined as psychological mechanisms that help behavioural management and control

32
Q

Bekoff (2000)

A

many researchers are of the opinion that humans cannot be the only animals that experience emotions

33
Q

Svartberg & Forkman (2002) personality in dogs

A
•	5 narrow dimensions
1.	Playfulness
2.	Curiosity/fearlessness
3.	Chase-proneness
4.	Sociability
5.	Aggressiveness
•	1 broad dimension
1.	Correlates positively to playfulness, interest in chase, exploration and sociability to strangers
2.	Correlates negatively to avoidance
3.	Does not correlate with aggressiveness
34
Q

Corsin et al (2018) personality in dogs

A
•	5 factors
1.	Sociality-obedience
2.	Activity-independence
3.	Novelty seeking
4.	Problem orientation
5.	Frustration tolerance
•	Good inter reliability
•	First test to show consistent behavioural traits related to problem solving and frustration tolerance in pet dogs
35
Q

Goodloe & Borchelt (1998) companion dog temperament traits

A
  • Playing tug of war does not associate with aggression to a family member suggesting playing tug of war does not encourage dominance aggression
  • Prefers to sleep on bed with or near owner does not load onto this factor suggesting again it doesn’t encourage dominance aggression