Down Syndrome

Question 1

Historically, there was a large movement to house “incurables” where?

Answer 1

large, overcrowded facilities in isolated areas

Question 2

What is the AAMD? When did it form?

Answer 2

American Association of Mental Deficiency formed in 1876

Question 3

What does NARC stand for?

Answer 3

National Association for Retarded Citizens

Question 4

In the 1960s what happened with program legislation regarding people with disabilities?

Answer 4

There was a time of expansion and funds were allocated for all people with disabilities

Question 5

The most current approach to programming in the field of mental retardation is what?

Answer 5

functional, integrated model

Question 6

The definition of Mental Retardation. When is the onset?

Answer 6

• Disability characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior expressed in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills
• Significantly subaverage general intellectual functioning
• Onset occurs before age 18

Question 7

Mental Retardation: pts have significant limitations in adaptive functioning in at least two of the following applicable adaptive skill areas:

Answer 7

Communication, self-care, home living, social/interpersonal skills, use of community resources, self-direction, health and safety, functional academic skills, leisure, and work

Question 8

The cause of the majority of mental retardation cases is?

Answer 8

Unknown

Question 9

Is mental retardation more prevalent in men or women?

Answer 9

4x more prevalent in men

Question 10

What % of mental reardation cases are mild? moderate? severe/profound?

Answer 10

• Mild = 75%
• Moderate = 20%
• Severe/Profound = 5%

Question 11

what is one of the most prevalent form of mental retardation?

Answer 11

Down Syndrome

Question 12

Assessment of intellectual function: Scales?

Answer 12

• Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
• Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV or Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence III and the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children

Question 13

Mental retardation is classified by what IQ level?

Answer 13

IQ of 70/75 and below

Question 14

What are the key elements of classification?

Answer 14

capabilities, environment, & function

Question 15

4 intensities of support

Answer 15

• intermittent
• limited
• extensive
• pervasive

Question 16

Support services may come to the child with mental retardation from four sources?

Answer 16

• the individual child
• other people
• technology
• habilitation services

Question 17

What is twice challenged mean?

Answer 17

The child may be handicapped in one area, but gifted in another

Question 18

Educational Classification?

Answer 18

• Academic support or gifted support
• Learning/life skills support
• Life skills support
• Emotional support
• Sensory and communication support
• Visually impaired support
• Speech and language support
• Physical and multiple disabilities support

Question 19

IQ levels

Answer 19

Mild: IQ level 50–55 to 70–75
Moderate: IQ level 35–40 to 50–55
Severe: IQ level 20–25 to 35–40
Profound: IQ level below 20 or 25

Question 20

T/F - The cause of mental retardation is prenatal only.

Answer 20

False - there are prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal causes

Question 21

Are movement disorders associated with some etologies?

Answer 21

Yes

Question 22

There has to be an assessment of skill done to look for impairments in adaptive functioning, why?

Answer 22

Because these skills are considered to be central to successful life functioning

Question 23

When performing an assessment what response shows a generalized limitation in adaptive skill level?

Answer 23

Deficits in two or more areas of adaptive functioning must be present

Question 24

Adaptive functioning areas?

Answer 24

• communication
• self-care
• home living
• social skills
• community use
• self-direction
• health and safety
• functional academics
• leisure

Question 25

Neuromotor Impairments

Answer 25

``` -Result of primary pathology in the central nervous system (CNS) Secondary impairments: -motor control -coordination -postural control -force production -flexibility -balance ```

Question 26

Learning Impairment

Answer 26

- Impaired ability to use advanced cognitive processes - Difficulty with managing simultaneous or multiple demands - Difficulty in successfully organizing complex information - Adapt examination and intervention approaches to accommodate the co-impairment of deficient intellectual functioning

Question 27

Key Elements of PT Examination

Answer 27

- Emphasize Abilities rather than inabilities - Analyze not only what child can do, but the process underlying observed skill and behavior - Assess sensory processes and attention

Question 28

Sensory Exam and Intervention

Answer 28

- Determine basic responsiveness of child before deciding on appropriate interaction strategy - Visual stimulation activities can provide practice in focusing and tracking - Improving postural mechanisms may improve visual skill - Vestibular input may improve visual focusing and processing - Response to auditory stimuli may range

Question 29

What is the best form of touch for child with Downs?

Answer 29

heavy touch and pressure or weight bearing are excellent - Use FLAT open hand - Light touch that tickle or irritate should be AVOIDED.

Question 30

What activities can be chose to improve balance

Answer 30

- simulate experience of movement; - activate muscle contraction (specifically, antigravity extensors); - promote awareness and eye contact; and - increase spatial awareness and perception. - swings, barrels, scooter boards

Question 31

Examples of self-stimulation and why does this happen?

Answer 31

- constant mouthing of objects, spinning, head banging, hand or arm flapping, teeth grinding, rocking, self-biting - Child may be overstimulated and reacting out of frustration - Inability to cope with sensory overload

Question 32

2 Goals for PT intervention

Answer 32

1. Choose activities that accommodate mental age but also age-appropriate 2. Activities should be interesting, fun, and meaningful